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Through the combination of nanoscale Mie-resonance and photothermal/thermo-optical effect, the nonlinear index n2 of both plasmonic and metal nanostructure can be enhanced by more than three orders of magnitude. We discovered various types of nonlinearity that include saturation, suppression, and reverse saturation in nanostructures. Through a similar mechanism, we also achieved optical bistability in a nanoscale resonator with a record-low Q-factor (<10) and observed large nonlinearity with hysteretic behavior. These tunable optical nonlinearities with low requirements on sample size and shape open new possibilities for the design of photonic devices and metal/semiconductor super-resolution.
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