This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 12600, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and Conference Committee listings.

In this paper, different concentrations of Zn_1-xTi_0.05Mn_xO (x=0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) was prepared by hydrothermal method and ZnO as the research object. Zn_1-xTi_0.05Mn_xO was obtained as a powder composite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to resolve the crystal structure, and as the amount of doping gradually increases, Mn and Ti form a quantity of impurity phases. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the shape of the powder was a flake structure, and as the doping amount of Mn and Ti increases, the sheet length increases and the crystals become more compact. The actual Mn friction impurity calculated by the EDS energy spectrum was 0, 0.0089, 0.0168, 0.0261, and 0.0034, respectively.

Optical imaging systems are widely used sensing devices that may be exposed to long-term or harsh environments. On the other hand, there are few studies on the evaluation of the imaging performance of optical imaging systems by environmental aging tests. In this paper, a typical and common environmental testing, damp heat (steady state) testing, is selected to investigate the influence of its imaging quality. It was found that the imaging quality of both undistorted and distorted optical images was significantly degraded after about 20 cycles of damp heat testing. The color error parameters and noise parameters that characterize its image quality are significantly increased. And this decline in image quality is irreversible. This article will provide a reference for rationally evaluating the service life of an optical imaging system.

The organic pollutants photodegradation is a highly efficient and environment-friendly approach for water treatment. Herein, two 3D imine-linked porphyrin-based porous organic polymers were synthesized via the reaction between porphyrin (tetraaminoporphyrin and copper tetraaminoporphyrin) and tri(4-formylbiphenyl) amine, named HTTP and CuTTP. Both of them exhibited high surface area, wide absorption range, and narrow bandgap. Interestingly, HTTP and CuTTP were used as photocatalysts for organic dye photodegradation. However, CuTTP was found to exhibit higher photocatalytic performance than HTTP, this indicates tuning the metal of porphyrin rings can affect the properties of porphyrin-based porous organic polymers.

The development of new energy is an effective means to reduce carbon emissions, and trough solar thermal power generation with high efficiency, safety and reliability has become the preferred project in the field of new energy development. Trough solar power generation generally uses heat transfer fluid as heat transfer medium, the main component of this heat transfer medium is the mixture of diphenyl - diphenyl ether. Although heat transfer fluid has the advantages of good stability, large thermal conductivity and high spontaneous combustion point, improper use will accelerate cracking and oxidation, resulting in reduced heat transfer efficiency, and even carbide deposition will block the flow section, affecting the safe and sustainable operation of thermal oil system. In order to ensure the safe and energy-saving operation of the solar thermal power generation project, a rapid detection method must be adopted to determine the deterioration of the heat transfer fluid. In this paper, a metamorphic analysis method of heat transfer fluid for photothermal power generation is established by orthogonal test. The method is in good agreement with the determination of carbon residue. It provides a good experimental basis for the metamorphism analysis of heat transfer fluid for photothermal power generation.

FeS₂ is considered to be a promising conversion type cathode because of its high energy density (1671 Wh kg^-1) and low cost (300 $ ton^-1). However, the performance degradation induced by severe polysulfide dissolution and huge volume variation during the cycling hindered its further application. In this paper, we provide a new coating strategy, which involves Li₂S₄ trigging PVDF crosslinking (P-PVDF), to handle these drawbacks. The strengthened P-PVDF not only serves as a cage preventing the leakage of polysulfide but also acts as an elastic shell holding the big volume variation. When adding 10% Li₂S₄, using 3M LiTFSI-DOL/DME as the electrolyte, FeS₂ cathode (6:3:1) realizes the best cycling performance. After 80 cycles, the capacity still remains 641 mAh g^-1.

Anode based on conversion alloying reactions are considered one of the prospective electrodes in lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the tremendous volume change upon cycling induces significant capacity decay. Herein, a common method has been implemented for the synthesis of SnWO₄ nanowires where bulky polyanions mitigate the structure stress. Thus, the SnWO₄ nanowires are examined as an anode material for LIBs, which demonstrate an initial discharge-specific capacity of 1211.4 mAh g^-1. In addition, the anode material is capable of delivering a stabilizing state capacity of almost 562 mAh g^-1 under the 1 A g^-1 current density after 100 cycles.

The luminance and efficiency of perovskite light-emitting diodes are strongly limited by the strongly nonradiative losses in the light emission layers. Herein, we report that phenethylammonium bromide addition can effectively modify the perovskite layer with efficient light emission, which is related to the morphology improvement induced defect healing-, dielectric and size confinement-, or defect passivation-suppressed nonradiative losses. The modified perovskite lightemitting diodes show a maximum luminance of 61800 cd m-2 and current efficiency of 41.8 cd A^-1.

The chlorophyll content in seawater seriously affects the inherent optical properties of seawater and the light transmission characteristics. This paper investigates the relationship between inherent optical properties and chlorophyll concentration in seawater applicable to class 1 seawater and part of class 2 seawater. The transmission of 405 nm violet and 532 nm green laser beams in seawater with a chlorophyll concentration range of 0-12 mg/m³ was simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The light field distribution, the on-axis laser energy, and the variation of the laser spot size with the transmission distance were obtained. The simulation results show that the transmission characteristics of 405 nm light are better for near-shore seawater with high chlorophyll concentration, while the transmission distance is longer for 532 nm light in the clearer deep-sea region. The study of the effect of chlorophyll content in seawater on light transmission characteristics can provide theoretical guidance for marine laser communication, lidar and laser underwater imaging, and other marine equipment.

In the field of large aperture mirrors, the silver-based films have the highest reflectivity from visible to near-infrared. However, the environmental stability of silver thin film is poor. To study the corrosion resistance of protection layers over silver layer, nanolaminate structure protection layers and conventional two-layers type protection layers were designed and fabricated on silver layer by ion beam assisted electron beam evaporation (IAD). The reflectivity difference between nanolaminate protected silver-based films and conventional two-layers protected silver-based films was small in long wavelength region. After 48 hours of humidity test, the reflectivity reduction of conventional two-layers type protection silver-based films was more serious than that of the nanolaminate protected silver-based film, furthermore, the number of defects on the surface of conventional two-layers type protection layers was more than that of the nanolaminate structure protection layers. This indicated that, the nanolaminate structure protection layers performed better than conventional two-layers type protection layers in aspect of environmental durability. Given the edge corrosion problem of the mirror produced by IAD, new edge protection method was designed and the silver-based film was prepared. After 48 hours of humidity test, the edge of the mirror was investigated by Zeta 500, it is concluded that this kind of mirror exhibited highly anti-corrosion with better environmental stability.

Due to their unique optical properties, rare earth doped Upconversion Nanoparticles (UCNPs) are experiencing fast momentum nowadays. They have excellent physical and chemical characteristics, including great penetration depth and high chemical stability, etc. which make them widely used in many different fields. In this review, the development and process of upconversion luminescence were described briefly. The latest literature was listed to explicate the special properties in these kinds of materials and their applications for temperature sensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, latent fingerprinting detection, and anti-counterfeiting. Finally, the limitations and prospects of UCNPs are introduced, providing a more comprehensive view of rare earth doped UCNPs and draw more attention.

In recent years, ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs), as one important class of electroactive polymers (EAPs), have received tremendous interest for their potential applications in various sensing scenarios due to their softness, high sensitivity, inherent polarity, built-in actuation, and sensing capabilities, ability to work in water, and direct mechanosensory property. They also have bio-compatibility and amenability to microfabrication. This paper reviews the characteristics, sensing mechanisms, and typical sensing applications of IPMCs to provide references for interested researchers in related fields. The influences of different factors on IPMC sensor performance are also discussed.

Electrification of transport is believed as a significant method to solve environmental issues such as shortage of energy and greenhouse gases. Batteries, especially lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), have been a central topic for years because of their desirable safety, high energy density, and excellent cycle performance. Battery anode material development is an effective strategy to improve battery performance. Herein, three working mechanisms and superiorities are introduced. Furthermore, according to the different Li storage mechanisms of lithium-ion battery anode materials, the superiorities and drawbacks of insertion anode materials (graphite, silicon nanowires, TiO₂, etc.), conversion anode materials (NiO, Fe₂O₃, etc.) and alloying anode materials (Ge, Sn, P, etc.) are introduced comprehensively. Furthermore, the strategies and approaches for enhancing the electrochemical functionality of different anode materials are highlighted. It can provide an important reference value for lithium-ion battery anode materials' construction and performance optimization.

Halide solid-state electrolytes have recently received significant attention because of their superior properties of electrochemical stability and high ionic conductivity. Experimentally, doping by tetravalent cations (such as Zr⁴⁺ and Hf⁴⁺) is usually adopted to further improve the ionic transport properties. To explore more dopant possibilities, we have thoroughly investigated the stabilities, ionic conductivities and electrochemical properties of pentavalent Nb-doped Li₃YbCl₆ by using first-principles calculations. Our calculated results have revealed that the most stable phase of Nb-doped Li₃YbCl₆ might be the structures with an orthorhombic space group. Also, it can be expected that a small amount of Nb doping can increase the ionic conductivity with a slightly decreased width of the electrochemical window of Li₃YbCl₆. This work demonstrates the potential of pentavalent cation doping for improving the performance of halide solid-state electrolytes.

Low silicon absorptivity is one of the important factors restricting the performance of thin-film solar cells. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of metal nanoparticles can enhance the light absorption of thin-film solar cells. This study is supposed to investigate the impact of the arrangement of metal nanoparticles on the absorption characteristics of solar cells. The finite difference time domain (FDTD) method was used to analyze the influence of different metal nanoparticle arrangements on the absorption characteristics under the condition of several particle sizes and metal types. The results from this study indicate that under the state of the same metal type and radius, the two arrangements of metal nanoparticles have different effects on the absorption characteristics, and the impact of the in-line distribution is better than that of the random distribution.

The highly dependence of the many special properties of Si-based Ge quantum dots (Ge/Si QDs) on their morphology and structure made the controllable growth of QDs a research hotspot. In this paper, we explored the process of regulating the growth of Ge QDs by affecting the morphology and structure of the Si buffer layer at different growth temperatures by using magnetron sputtering equipment, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the increase of temperature can effectively improve the crystallization rate and surface smoothness of the Si buffer layer, and then increase driving force and region of forming nano islands. The density and size of the QDs rose significantly. The specific evolution mechanism of the QDs was discussed by establishing a basic model and combining the thermodynamics and dynamics theory of atomic migration. Our work discussed an important influence factor for the controllable growth of QDs, and laid an important foundation for manufacturing high-quality QDs used for optoelectronic devices under the joint control of multiple factors in the future.

Under high temperature conditions, polyethylene particles are dissolved in xylene in a flask reactor, and organic molecules such as peroxymethylenetetraimide and tetramethylbenzoquinone dimethyl methane with different concentrations are added to the mixture. At 150 ℃, the sample is hot pressed into a thin film. The characteristics of DC decomposing power as well as room charge distribution were measured. The experimental results show that doping small molecules can not only effectively restrain the gathering of room charge, but also enhance the DC decomposing power. Doped small molecules can introduce deep wells to capture space charges and disperse carriers, thereby reducing the number, mobility and energy of carriers.

SiC IGBT has the advantages of high withstand voltage, high operating temperature, fast switching speed and low loss. However, these characteristics lead to its encapsulated insulation system withstanding more severe electrothermal stress, causing partial discharges. ZnO-based adaptive composites are expected to play a role in power electronics packaging due to their excellent nonlinear conductivity. In this paper, 40 vol% ZnO/Silicone Rubber adaptive composites were prepared with the horizontal distance between electrodes of 50 um, 100 um, 500 um, 1 mm and 2 mm. Keithley 2410 digital source meter was adopted to measure their I-U curves. Results show that only ZnO composites with the horizontal distance between electrodes of 2 mm can’t turn to the conducting state with increasing applied voltage. When the horizontal distance increases from 50 um to 1 mm, the I-U curves shift to the right, ILeakage decreases from 3.06×10^-8 A to 8.03×10^-9 A, and U_10uA increases from 908 V to beyond 1100 V. The results were compared and analyzed by mathematical and physical models. This work provides a pregnant reference for the practical application of ZnO-based composites in power electronic packing.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of non-fullerene (NF) organic solar cells (OSCs) has reached 10%, which plays a necessary role in the field of new OSCs. The significant factor to determine the high photovoltaic performance of NF OSCs is the blend film structure, that is matched by a specific proportion of compound donor and acceptor. The electronic receptor structure in the blend membrane is mainly functionalized to optimize the membrane morphology and improve the interface quality, and then applied to the new binary/ternary OSCs device. Here we emphatically introduced the NF small molecule material-perylene diimide (PDI), the kind of acceptors with multiply modified structures, connecting with their matching with typical donors can improve charge mobility. We expound the recent representative studies on the progressive modification of PDI-based materials through matching with same or different donors, further discuss the challenges on how to reduce the large efficiency loss when going from small-area to large-area fabrication. In general, achieving the excellent miscibility of donor-acceptor is the most critical factor to improve high efficiency OSCs, which has important guiding significance for manufacturing organic photovoltaic materials.

This paper proposes a single-phase three-leg transformer using two core materials. The proposed model is made by using silicon steel for the upper core and amorphous alloy for the lower core. Based on the conventional model using only silicon steel in the core, the proposed model is made by using silicon steel for the upper core and amorphous alloy for the lower core. To highlight the merits of the proposed model, the three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) is used to analyze and compare the performance of the both models, including magnetic flux density distribution, magnetic leakage, displacement and noise. By comparing the results of electromagnetic characteristics, it is found that the proposed model has lower flux density and magnetic leakage. And the vibration noise of the proposed model is further reduced.

In this study, the drop-melting elements B and Hf were added to the alloy material for TLP diffusion welding, and the solidification behavior of IC10 alloy joint was analyzed, and the growth mechanism of γ, γ' and related compounds in TLP connection was explored. The results shows that element B was distributed in the grain boundary of the ISZ region, which increases the binding force of the grain boundary and increases the strength of the grain boundary. As a melting element, Hf element affects the liquid phase line temperature of the middle layer and makes the co-crystal liquid phase have good fluidity. The content of Hf elements has a great influence on the widening stage of the liquid phase area, which increases the dissolution amount of the base material, increases the weld width, and increases the liquid phase metal of the weld, which increases the difficulty of isothermal solidification of the weld and increases the time. When the isothermal solidification is completed, the TLP joint tissue only achieves the local tissue composition homogeneity, and continues to extend the thermal insulation time, which is conducive to the further diffusion of the alloy elements.

We can propose constructing a graphene resemblance, that is, doped boron sheet, with the planate ring-type Fe©B₆H₆ cluster as the building block. We explored the idea of using the clusters as building blocks by examining the geometric and electronic structures of its dimer and trimer and their dimerization. To our knowledge, there have been no reports on the creation of doped boron sheets using cluster aggregates. We propose a dehydrogenation route to polymerization that could result in the preparation of a boron sheet with hexagonal holes similar to graphene. The holes would be partially and uniformly filled by Fe atoms, resulting in uniform chemical doping and a high hexagonal-hole density close to that of graphene. This could provide a new type of cluster-assembled material for experimentation by chemists seeking to construct a graphene analogue.

Gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S, GOS) doped with rare earth elements was often used as imaging materials for X-Ray imaging equipment because of its excellent properties of absorbing incident X-rays and converting them into visible light. The flat-panel detector based on the GOS phosphor screen is the core imaging component of the digital radiography. In this paper, GOS slurry was prepared to form phosphor screen by tape casting, and the influence of slurry solvents and different additives on the rheological properties of the slurry was systematically studied. Based on the results of rheological properties, the optimal solid content of the slurry and the optimal addition range of the additives, like dispersants, binders and plasticizers, were determined. The solid content of the slurry is 70%, and the best amount of dispersant is 0.5%~1% of the powder mass. The optimized dosage of binder is 4.5%~7% of the powder mass, and the best plasticizer content is 1.0~1.5 times of the binder content. Then, the GOS fluorescent layer with smooth and flat surface, uniform and controllable thickness, and good bonding ability, was successfully prepared by tape casting the optimized slurry.

Graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is an attractive photocatalyst, but its weak photo-generated carrier transport ability severely limits its application in photocatalysis. However, g-C₃N₄-based heterostructure photocatalysts have been widely investigated for their significantly enhanced photo generated electron-hole separation efficiency. In this paper, g-C₃N₄ was firstly prepared by thermal polycondensation with urea as raw material, and then the Bi₂WO₆/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure photocatalyst was prepared by hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by Bi₂WO₆ andg-C₃N₄ before and after composite under simulated solar radiation was studied. The results showed that the composite modification of g-C₃N₄ by Bi₂WO₆ was achieved by the hydrothermal method, and the photocatalytic performance of the heterogeneous structure photocatalyst was significantly improved compared with that of the non-composite monomer photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance of the produced heterostructure photocatalyst is the greatest among them when the mass ratio of Bi2WO6 to g-C₃N₄ is 10:1, and the degree of methyl orange degradation reaches 90.37%after 4hof radiation.

Carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite (CFRP) has been widely used in aerospace, military and other fields because of its low density and high strength. In composite components, the reliability of materials is significantly impacted by flaws like bubbles. The microscopic CT (computed tomography) technique is suitable for identifying material flaws. This paper takes CFRP as an example to study the pore structure characteristics. The porosity of the sample is 18.66%. Three distinct areas of the carbon fiber were chosen simultaneously, It makes up 98.58% of the pore size in the ROI (regions of interest)-1 area when the pore diameter is between 200μm and 400μm. When the pore size is 41.98-131μm, 98.58% of the total pore size is represented. The inner pore diameter of ROI-3 is 41.98-52.90μm, and there are 31,023 pores in total, which is 42.35% of all pores. The fractal dimensions of cuboid pore models in three distinct regions are centered in the ranges 1.62-1.68, 1.52-1.55, and 1.35-1.38, respectively. This suggests that a significant portion of the pores at the microscale or even smaller scale are determined by the number of pores and that the filling capacity of pores varies, which is extremely important for the subsequent cross-scale seepage behavior and seepage law of composite materials.

Laser direct writing technology was a convenient and efficient method in micromachining, which was widely used in polymer processing. In this paper, two kinds of excimer laser (193 nm and 248 nm) were used to irradiate vertically the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for ablation experiments. The experiments were carried out in atmospheric environment, and the ablated samples were characterized by optical microscope, laser confocal microscope, white light interferometer, scanning electron microscope, etc. to obtain their morphology. Analysis was performed on the effects of laser energy and pulse numbers on depth, roughness, and morphology. The outcomes demonstrated that, the crater depth and roughness increased as the number of pulses and energy increased, but that the bottom surface's roughness did not continuously increased with the ablation of a 248 nm laser. At low energy, the roughness remained constant as the number of pulses increased. When the laser operating voltage was adjusted to 23 kV, the roughness increased linearly with the number of pulses. As the laser energy and the number of pulses increased, the number of splashes deposited on the ablation surface increased. Cracks were generally observed across the PDMS surface after a 248 nm laser and the crater edges were rough. The morphology in the 193nm laser ablation showed better micromachining quality, reflected in a small number of pores, sharp edges, and smoother bottom surface.

The size of nanoparticles plays a crucial role in understanding the properties of nanomaterials. In this study, a solid-state nanopore sensor device for nanopore particle size identification is developed. The sensor comprises a silicon-based silicon nitride nanopore chip with a low aspect ratio, which was fabricated using a semiconductor process. The chip was used to characterize and analyze carboxyl-modified polystyrene particles. Several different algorithms are used to distinguish the translocation signals of particles of different sizes as they pass through the nanopore. This sensing method shows promise for the detection of proteins and other nanoparticles.

Recent advances in soft materials have provided a great opportunity for the development of flexible electronics. This study proposed a novel capacitive pressure sensors with enhanced sensitivity by adopting the materials of acetylene black and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Based on the percolation principle, spacing of conductive particles, which closely associated with sensing performance, were adjusted by controlling the concentration of filled acetylene black and its curing time with PDMS. An optimized acetylene black/PDMS capacitive pressure sensor was finally fabricated achieving a sensitivity of 0.248 kPa⁻¹ in the range of 4-50 kPa which is nearly five times higher than that of the pure PDMS sensor. Additionally, this developed soft sensor also present a quick response time and excellent stability that may have great potential to be applied in wearable and real-time monitoring. Furthermore, this systematical investigation and optimization towards material processing techniques may provide evidence-based guidance for the improvement of soft material-based capacitive pressure sensors.

Heavy metal pollution in water resource is a serious issue that related to the ecosystem and the health status of human beings. Although there existed many detection methods, it is still difficult to create a device with ultrahigh sensitivity to detect heavy metal ions in situations with low concentrations. This paper proposed a taper-in-taper (T-I-T) interferometric fiber sensor of enhanced sensitivity and decorated with polyelectrolyte layers for Cu²⁺ detection. The T-I-T structure was created on the single-mode fiber via twice arc discharges. The maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity of T-I-T fiber sensor is as high as 4170 nm/RIU, meanwhile, when apply in heavy metal ions detection, the sensitivity can reach 10.4 nm/ mM when the Cu²⁺ concentration is 0.1-1 mM. Furthermore, there is a low temperature cross sensitivity of only 0.12 nm/°C. The proposed T-I-T fiber sensor has the potential to be applied in water resource environmental monitoring due to its benefits of high sensitivity, compact structure, and excellent stability.

In order to produce water-based anticorrosive coatings with excellent corrosion resistance and bearing capacity, it can be applied to water-based epoxy antirust primers that produce excellent corrosion resistance on offshore oil or plant substrates. A water-based epoxy zinc rich antirust primer was prepared with two-component waterborne coating polysulfone resin and curing agent as film-forming materials, zinc oxide powder as anti-corrosion pigment, organic bentonite and fumed silica as precipitant, wetting agent, silane coupling agent and other additives. Based on the main technical indexes of water resistance, salt water resistance, impact resistance and air drying time, the effects of various proportions of polysulfone resin and curing agent on the quality of paint film were deeply studied; And the effects of different amounts of matrix wetting agent and silane coupling agent on the properties of the membrane.

In this paper, we have study a 3.3kv silicon power diode BDIH with double injection holes on the back side, which structure with an inner N+ layer in the back P region of the CIBH. Based on Sentaurus-TCAD software, we simulate the reverse recovery process of BDIH diodes and conventional PIN diodes when the both diodes work on the condition that real current lower than standard current. The BDIH structure combines the advantages of RFC diodes and CIBH diodes, and the performance of it is better than that of conventional diodes, obviously improving the softness of reverse recovery at small current densities.

This article adopts comparative measurement means to realize the intelligent measurement of gauge blocks through micro range high-precision inductance sensor based on the principle of inductance micrometer. The gauge block intelligent measurement system mainly includes intelligent detection system and data management system. The experimental results of indication error, measurement repeatability and time drift of the measurement system show that the system can measure gauge blocks with high accuracy and efficiency.

Laser displacement sensor is used more and more widely in the field as detection and monitoring equipment because of its flexible and reliable advantages. The field environmental conditions are very different from the laboratory environmental conditions. To give full play to the advantages of laser displacement sensor, it is necessary to fully study the trend and degree of its influence by environmental parameters. This paper mainly through the experiment with 2 d laser sensor for on-line detection monitoring by the external environment change of the light and temperature were analyzed, and this kind of sensor in the subway information platform as a key entry point for real-time acquisition of safety monitoring orbit state, is very important to safe operation of the subway, the subway in light and temperature on interval period and seasonal change has a big difference, To ensure the measurement accuracy of this kind of sensor, it is necessary to find out the influence trend of these two influencing parameters on the measurement error.

At present, the application of LED light source in coal mine is more and more. However, due to the characteristics of closed, narrow and dark underground space and the social attention to occupational health and safety, the potential blue light hazard of LED light source has attracted more and more attention. In order to study the biological mechanism of the blue light hazard and the influencing factors of the degree of harm, this paper studies and analyzes the relevant standards of the blue light hazard assessment of the current domestic and foreign IEC, CIE and other authoritative organizations, and puts forward the requirements for the blue light exposure limit according to the calculation method of the blue light hazard. This paper also designs a test plan for the influence of three important factors, LED light source brightness, color temperature and lighting distance, on blue light hazard based on the actual application of LED light source in coal mines. The test results show that LED light source brightness, color temperature and lighting distance are positively related to blue light hazard. The greater the value, the greater the blue light hazard, and the blue light hazard is very easy to reach RG1 group. The research in this paper provides a basis for the preparation and revision of relevant product standards such as lamps, and has strong practical significance.

With the progress of science and technology and the vigorous promotion of the coal mine industry, more and more gas sensing devices are used in coal mines. However, due to the special environmental conditions such as high temperature, high humidity, high dust, and many kinds of toxic and harmful gases in coal mines, gas sensing devices are generally affected by cross interference. This paper combines the current actual application of gas sensing devices in coal mines, starting with the measurement objects, use forms, and number of measurement parameters, The method of combining theory with experimental verification is adopted to study and put forward the measurement principle, cross interference influence mechanism, cross interference blacklist, cross interference inspection method and qualification determination method of gas sensing equipment with three advanced sensing principles of infrared, laser and electrochemistry in coal mine environment. The results show that the cross interference influence of gas sensing equipment is widespread, and different working principles have different cross interference effects, If necessary, carry out cross interference test verification. Finally, in combination with the underground application of coal mine, it is recommended to attach great importance to the impact of cross interference on coal mine safety production, and strictly follow the requirements of anti cross interference.

Photochromic materials are more and more used in textiles because of their changeable colors. This paper introduces the color changing mechanism of photochromic materials, details the preparation methods and application fields of photochromic materials currently used in textiles, and introduces the current detection methods of photochromic materials. What’s more, it is pointed out that photochromic textiles should accelerate the standardization progress and then regulate the market.

Using the national standard GB/T 14576-2009 "Textiles-Tests for color fastness-color fastness to light of textiles wetted with artificial perspiration"(Xenon arc) to research. By analyzing the effects of radiation, temperature, humidity and other factors on the color fastness to light of textiles wetted with artificial perspiration, the influence is concluded: irradiation< temperature< humidity.

Optical density is commonly used as a simple and rapid indirect measurement method to estimate biomass concentration in liquid cultures. However, the object of optical density detection is often algae cells, colonies, and other microorganisms， few studies adopt optical density to quantitatively measure the concentration of cancer cells. In this paper, different liquid media and cancer cells were used to implement a full-wavelength spectral analysis by microplate reader to find the corresponding robust wavelength. According to the experimental results, we suggest measuring cell concentration at nearinfrared wavelengths, such as 850 nm, to facilitate the subsequent unification of protocols applicable to different cell types and culture conditions. Meanwhile, a portable flow cell sensor based on optical density is demonstrated. The calibration curves under various experimental conditions have high regression coefficient R² values, all greater than 0.99, which are expected to be used for online real-time measurement of cell concentration in biological reaction processes. This study provides the feasibility of using the optical density method as a quick and easy way for indirect quantitative measurement of cancer cell concentration.

In this paper, we present a novel pixel structure with internal compensation function for a-IGZO TFTs OLED displays. Because of pixel circuit need more than two gate signals, the global luminous driver scheme was carried out though turning the pixels’ gate signals, except for scan signal, are provided by source IC instead of GOA circuit. A simple GOA circuit was used to provide the scan signal for data writing just 2 mm layout length. Due to the gate signals of INI and REF are provided by source IC, and required to open all pixels in the whole panel at the same time, the driving loading of INI and REF signals are too large to maintain the high brightness uniformity. Experiment results shown that the brightness uniformity of OLED displays can up to 84% by lowering the VGH voltage of INI and REF with weak feedthrough effect.

We propose a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide structure in which the plasma-induced transparency (PIT) effect is based. Using the finite-difference in time domain (FDTD) method, the designed structure was simulated in two dimensions. It obtains both narrowband PIT peaks, both with more than 90% absorption. In addition, we use the Kerr material filled in the cavity for tuning, and we can find that the transmission spectrum shifts with increasing pump light intensity. The proposed structure can be applied to filter. The proposed structure has important prospects for application in integrated optical devices.

Programmable photonic circuits, a good way to provide enough function flexibility for photonic circuits, have great potential to be realizing multi-function. However, it has been a challenge to configure a huge mesh network in order to achieve the target function. In this paper, a path selection method based on genetic algorithms has been introduced to complete the automated setting of the huge mesh network. pSim, the most advanced simulation tool of integrated circuits, is used for verification of the performance of automatically selecting the optical path on the square mesh network. Moreover, an optoelectronic hybrid circuit, which can implement state transition, based on this algorithm is proposed.

In order to solve the problems of real-time measurement of online high-speed wire diameter data is difficult and the measurement accuracy is low, this paper proposes a sub-pixel detection algorithm for wire diameter based on machine vision, and builds a real-time measurement system. On the basis of image preprocessing, the Otsu-based automatic threshold canny operator is first used for coarse pixel-level edge positioning; then on the basis of the traditional Zernike moment, the step grayscale difference between the background and the target is used, combined with the Otsu algorithm and the iterative method to automatically determine the step grayscale threshold, and realize the Zernike moment subpixel edge extraction of the adaptive threshold. The least squares method is used to fit the extracted edge points and obtain the diameter of the wire. After experimental analysis and comparison, the accuracy of the data obtained by this method meets the requirements of on-site accuracy and is expected to be applied to high-speed wire production sites.

A magnetoelectric mechanism is presented for extracting power-frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) magnetic field energy of ambient power lines, which can provide power for wireless sensor networks. A detachable NdFeB magnet is used to produce bias magnetic field for the magnetostrictive plate. The employment of the magnetic circuit allows more powerfrequency magnetic flux pass through the magnetostrictive plate. When the power cord is energized, the magnetostrictive plate generates a shear stress which transmits to the piezoelectric plate. The piezoelectric plate deforms in shear mode and a voltage is induced. The feasibility of the presented magnetoelectric mechanism was experimentally validated using a fabricated prototype. The experiments were performed and the results show that the output open-circuit voltage depends on the separating distance d. For the current of 10 A and the separating distance d=1.5 mm, the open-circuit RMS voltage reaches 4.39 V, and a power of 14.9 μW is produced with a matching resistive load of 0.65 MΩ. The results show the potential prospect of the magnetoelectric mechanism for power-frequency magnetic field energy harvesting.

The direct type backlight module diffuses the light emitted by the LED device uniformly in the largest possible range through the lens, and forms a uniform brightness emission on the illuminated surface through the overlap of these light spots. However, in actual use, after the light emitted by the light source is diffused by the lens, since the light is concentrated near the center of the light source, sometimes the phenomenon of the central bright spot cannot be completely eliminated, which is not conducive to backlighting. This paper analyzes the matching of LED light source and lens through experiments and simulations. The research shows that the size of the LED light-emitting area and the relative position of the LED light-emitting surface and the bottom surface of the lens have a greater impact on the spot shape and illuminance distribution of the receiving surface, and there will be more obvious brightness. Undesirable phenomena such as dark circles, uneven diffusion, and asymmetry of light spots. Combined with the analysis of the microstructure design on the bottom surface of the lens, it can be seen that the application of microstructures can reduce the excessive brightness directly above the LED and play a certain mitigation and improvement effect. The hemispherical and beveled right-angled triangular ring microstructures can prevent the center from focusing and appear strange point phenomenon.

Based on first-principles calculations, a novel photocatalyst, Ta-doped and (Ta, N)-codoped BaTiO₃, was designed and studied to water splitting using under visible light irradiation to produce hydrogen and oxygen. We have systematically investigated the geometrical structure and electronic structure of BaTiO₃ by introducing dopants (Ta and (Ta, N)-pair) for visible-light driven photocatalyst. Our calculated result shows that the doped Ta atom may change conductivity of the pure BaTiO₃ from p-type to n-type, but is hard to lead to the narrowing of the band gap. The reduction of band gap can be achieved by codoping with Ta and N atoms, indicating that Ta and N atoms play an important role on enhanced absorption in the visible light region. We predicted that (Ta, N)-codoped BaTiO₃ could be a potential candidate as photocatalyst in solar-energy harvesting with improved efficiency. Meanwhile, our research can provide a theoretical guidance for the perovskite photocatalyst.

A low noise active down converting mixer using quiescent current injection technique. The sinusoidal local oscillator signal is used to drive to avoid the noise superposition induced by the pulse ballast harmonics; the LC resonant structure is used to replace the resistance load of the traditional Gilbert unit to relieve the limitation of the charging and discharging of the parasitic capacitance of the tail node on the high-frequency operation of the circuit. The proposed mixer is implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process, with a working range of 0.2-2.2 GHz double-sideband noise figure with a maximum noise figure of 5 dB, and a minimum noise of 4.44 dB at the inflection point at 800 MHz. Working in the RF frequency band of 1GHz, the maximum voltage gain is 25dB, and the maximum 1dB compression point is -7.2dB, maximum IIP3 is 13 dB.

In the 20th century, there were four major inventions: semiconductor, computer numerical control, atom centered energy technology and laser technology. Laser cutting technology is the most widely and rapidly developed in laser technology, which has greatly transformed and innovated the traditional machinery manufacturing industry. Because it has the advantages of precision manufacturing, flexible cutting, special-shaped processing, one-time forming, high speed, high efficiency and low cost, good cutting product quality, high degree of automation, and many kinds of cutting materials, it has solved many problems that cannot be solved by conventional methods in industrial production. This paper discusses the principle of laser cutting, the status quo of laser cutting, and studies the development trend of laser cutting technology. It emphasizes the advantages of laser cutting and the necessity of replacing traditional processing, and gives the improvement plan under the current situation.

Phosphatidylinositol proteoglycan-3 (GPC3) as an oncoprotein is a potential novel marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this paper, a GPC3 fluorescence sensor was constructed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) interaction between graphene oxide (GO) and gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with GPC3 as the target. In the solution system, as GO and Au NCs-GPC3_Apt approach each other, the fluorescence of Au NCs-GPC3_Apt was quenched, and the fluorescence of the whole solution system is weakened. When adding GPC3 into the whole solution, the fluorescence intensity in Au NCs-GPC3_Apt/GO FRET system can be increased. The amount of GPC3 was inferred based on the degree of fluorescence recovery of the solution system. In the range of 5~100 ng/mL, the fluorescence recovery rate was linearly related to the concentration of GPC3 with a correlation coefficient of 0.99645. It is proved that this GPC3 fluorescence sensor has outstanding sensitivity, stability and has great potential in the early diagnosis of cancer.

Due to the worldwide "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals" and the energy crisis, reducing greenhouse gases such as CO₂ emissions, saving resources and developing new energy power generation technologies ha s become the current research focus. The source of carbon emissions mainly include coal, oil, natural gas and industrial processes. Power generation is an important part of carbon emissions. This paper studies the recovery and utilization of CO₂ and proposes an efficient energy equipment-tail gas treatment device. In this work, the proposed design utilizes electrochemical reduction to turn CO₂ into high-valued chemicals and fuels at ambient temperature and pressure. The reaction conditions are facile and convenient, the sources of catalysts are widespread and the reaction process is controllable. Compared with photocatalysis, the conversion efficiency is higher. The design features of the energy device include: A cathode chamber with large capacity, porous electrode structure, separation and purification of products, the energy equipment can absorb and transform the CO₂ after energy conversion to prepare high value-added chemicals and fuel at room temperature, so as to alleviate the greenhouse effect and energy crisis.

Existing power beam splitter has complex structure and is not easy to implement. The power beam splitters of 1×2 and 1×3 were designed based on two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystals. The beam splitters consist of a photonic crystal waveguide composed of gallium arsenide rods and tellurium dielectric rods defects. Defects are introduced into the self-collimated photonic crystal, and the material parameters are controlled by an applied electric field, thereby changing the beam splitting ratio and achieving tuned beam splitting. The efficiency of the 1×2 beam splitter designed by simulation analysis is the lowest, and the other efficiency is relatively high. It is confirmed that the light waves corresponding to 1200nm can be transmitted normally in the line defect, and the light waves of 1000 nm and 1400nm are only dispersed into these bandgaps. Since the propagation of light waves in these bandgaps causes energy loss, the beam splitting function cannot be achieved.

The broad-spectrum Mueller matrix ellipsometry can achieve nanometer-scale film structure measurements in the range of visible spectrum by fitting the wide spectral polarization parameters and dispersion of samples. COMSOL can simulate optical processes in multiple physical fields. Therefore, the combination of COMSOL simulation and broad-spectrum ellipsometry is able to achieve high-precision measurement of thin film structures in multi-physical field. In this paper, firstly, the ellipsometry parameters of SiO2 film on silicon substrate are measured by a broad-spectrum ellipsometer. Secondly, the reflection process of SiO2 film on silicon substrate is simulated by COMSOL. Then, the Mueller matrices of the samples were calculated respectively, and the thickness of the SiO2 film was obtained by comparing the matching degree of the two Mueller matrices. Finally, the experimental and simulation results of Mueller matrices M12, M33 and M34 with different thickness of SiO2 film is analyzed and compared comprehensively. The results verify the feasibility of the measurement method combining Mueller matrix ellipsometry with COMSOL simulation, which can broaden the application of multi-physics field measurement of broad-spectrum ellipsometry.

Due to its excellent frequency characteristics, TMR current sensors have been widely used in current state monitoring of power systems. In order to improve the measurement performance of TMR current sensors, they are usually designed as closed-loop feedback structures. Shielding enclosures were also added to TMR current sensors to improve their antiinterference capability. This paper analysed the design parameters of the feedback coil and the shielding enclosures. The influence of position of feedback coils on TMR current sensor was also analysed. When the TMR current sensor is equipped with two layers of shielding, the influence of the size and relative distance of the two layers of shielding on the shielding effect of the TMR current sensor has been analysed. The simulation results show that the position of the feedback coil has little difference in the feedback effect of the TMR current sensor, and the anti-interference ability of the TMR current sensor can be significantly improved with a shielding layer. When the TMR current sensor has two shielding layers, the thickness of the shielding layer should be reduced as much as possible, and the distance between the two shielding layers should be appropriately extended.

In this work, Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to solve the problem of two-dimensional heat transfer on multi-layers skin. A typical heat treatment method (heating by laser at skin surface) is studied. The transient temperature field of skin is obtained. Effect of the several parameters on the temperature distribution is investigated. The relationship between blood perfusion rate and the temperature at skin surface in steady-state is fitted as a formula. The results of the article will be useful for accurate prediction of temperature in heat therapy. In addition the formula about blood perfusion rate and the temperature at skin surface in steady-state can be used for nondestructive test of blood perfusion rate.

In the process of using the total station to measure the barrel orientation of the self-propelled artillery, the location of the total station affects the measurement accuracy. In this paper, a measurement uncertainty evaluation model is derived, and particle swarm optimization is used for optimization. An experiment is carried out with a particular type of self-propelled artillery. The experiment results show that the measurement accuracy is improved after the optimized station location.

A failure occurred during the service period of the gas mine outfall pipeline in Sichuan Province, and a perforation was realized in the pipe section at 9 o'clock and multiple corrosion pits at 12 o'clock. In order to find out the cause of the failure, a hardness test was performed on the pipe sample to determine the mechanical properties of the pipe, and a metallographic analysis was performed on the pipe to determine the pipe tissue properties. The tube sample was scanned by electron microscope and analyzed by energy spectrum, and it was found that the cause of perforation and multiple corrosion pits in the tube sample was due to the corrosion of CO₂.

When superjunction power devices work in spacecraft, they have to face extremely high radiation intensity, among which the single event effect is very serious, it will cause different types of damage to power devices, and then have catastrophic consequences for spacecraft, and With the increasing complexity and device integration of spacecraft systems, the harm of single event effects will become more serious. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct research on anti-single event burnout of superjunction MOSFETs in aerospace applications. In order to solve the problem of single-event burnout of super-junction MOSFET under heavy-ion strike, the single event radiation effect and radiation hardening of traditional super-junction MOSFET devices are studied by using sentaurus TCAD simulation tool. The simulation results show that the device is most sensitive to the single-event effect when heavy-ion are vertically incident at the middle of the gate of the super-junction device, and the opening of the parasitic bipolar junction transistor is an important reason for the single-event burnout. A 200 V radiation-hardened super-junction power MOSFET device structure is designed. The experimental results show that the designed super-junction power MOSFET device with a buffer layer structure relieves the strong electric field on the backside during heavy-ion strike, has good resistance to single-event burnout, and improves the robustness of the device in aerospace applications.

With development of electronic equipment to miniaturization and lightweight, the demand for miniaturization chip devices is increasing. Because glass encapsulation devices are prone to damage, circuit faults often occur. In this paper, according to the typical failure phenomenon caused by the cracking of glass packaging surface diode, the cracking failure reason analysis and relevant test verification are carried out, which provides useful basis for further improving the reliability of glass packaging surface diode.

Mineralogy automatic determination system combines mineral processing technology with computer technology, and is automatically runs through API, which not only enables the determination of mineral composition and dissociation degree, but also greatly improves the accuracy of detection. Through the system of a complex gold ore process mineralogy analysis, accurately determine the minerals in the sample, dissociation characteristics and occurrence status index, and determine the beneficiation process and the experimental study, has obtained the ideal effect, mineralogy automatic determination system has played an important role in the study.

The parametric model method is the main method of modern power spectrum estimation. Power spectrum estimation based on AR model is one of the common methods of parametric model method. In this paper, the application of the Burg method of AR model in laser Doppler tachymetry is studied. The spectrum estimation of the AR model based on the Burg algorithm is used to analyze the laser Doppler signal with a speed range of 10~100m/s. An AR model with relative frequency error within the range of actual engineering requirements is established. The analysis results show that the spectral estimation of the AR model based on the Burg algorithm has high extraction accuracy of Doppler shift.

Flash joule heating (FJH) has been demonstrated to produce high-quality graphene. In this work, graphene (B-Gr) was successfully prepared from biowaste bagasse by FJH. The product was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction technique and Raman spectroscopy. When the filler loading of B-Gr was 15 wt.%, the minimum reflection loss reached 39.1 dB at 5.9 GHz with effective absorption bandwidth of 1.7 GHz at the thickness of 4 mm. The remarkable microwave absorption (MA) performance could be attributed to the excellent impedance matching. This work makes it possible to upgrade negative-value biowaste into high-value powder fillers for MA.

For the large generators with different branch winding potential overlap, the existing stator ground fault location methods are difficult to determine the faulty branch. Therefore, this paper presents a novel fault location method based on the flexible optical current transformer. Based on the Faraday magneto-optical effect principle, the optical fiber reflection reciprocal interference technology is used to detect the rotation angle. The flexible optical current transformer is used to measure the equivalent zero-sequence current of each generator branch, and then the dynamic time warping distance (DTW) algorithm is used to compare the similarity of each zero-sequence current, to identify the correct faulty branch and achieve accurate grounding fault location. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the results are still reliable and sensitive when the transition resistance is 500 Ω.

It is hoped that the level of microgravity can be evaluated in scientific research. At present, part of the research work of microgravity measurement is carried out by laser interference method. Because the characteristics of laser instrument will be seriously limited by manual adjustment, it will lead to more time-consuming and uneven initial error before each measurement. Aiming at this phenomenon, this paper proposes a single frequency laser spot center recognition and analysis algorithm. By using the characteristics of Gaussian spot image connected region the automatic alignment algorithm of single frequency laser spot interference is realized, which can improve the alignment of interference spot, reduce the measurement error, and improve the precision of microgravity measurement. Finally, the algorithm is verified in the simulation environment and the actual measurement environment, and the results show that the measurement error of microgravity acceleration can be reduced by 2.199*10^-7 under different strategies in the simulation environment, and the accuracy can be improved by about 12.8%; The average time of automatic adjustment is about 10s, which is much faster than the actual adjustment time. Finally, the error in the laser interferometric acceleration measurement optical path instrument can be controlled within 50μm to complete the automatic interference closed-loop control adjustment of the optical spot, which verifies the feasibility of the algorithm.

In the development of solar absolute spectral irradiance observation equipment, high accuracy solar tracking system is one of the key links, and its tracking accuracy directly affects the irradiance measurement uncertainty. In order to determine the tracking accuracy of the four quadrant detectors, the principle and location algorithm of the four-quadrant detector is analyzed, and the method of calculating the precision of the tracking accuracy depending on astrogram is discussed by using the two-dimensional rotating table. The outdoor sun tracking experiment is carried out and the causes of the tracking error are analyzed. This can be seen in the experimental results. Four quadrant detector tracking error is as follows: the sun azimuth error is less than 0.375° and the azimuth error is less than 1.099°. The positioning accuracy is not only related to the environmental factors, but also the poor coincidence between the center of the cavity imaging hole of the detector and the center of the four-quadrant detector is the main reason for the large deviation of the mobile tracking curve.

The output power and wavelength of semiconductor lasers are mainly affected by operating temperature. In order to improve the stability of Laser Diode (LD), a temperature control system is designed in this paper. This system adopts an advanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to resolve real-time Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) parameters for different input, which is implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) with excellent parallel performance. Experimental results show that the LD can stabilize with temperature stability of 0.20% within 1 hour of operation, output optical power stability of 0.05%, and the deviation of optical wavelength 0.03𝑛𝑚.

Reduced activation ferritic/martensite steel (RAFM) for fusion reactor was butt welded by laser welding (LBW) and tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. The microstructures, hardness and high temperature (600℃)transient tensile properties of the welded joints were observed and analyzed. The results show that the microstructures of the two welding processes are coarse martensite, no hardening and softening of heat-affected zone occur, and the difference of tensile strength is not obvious at each temperature. In conclusion, TIG welding could provide a smaller necking area and plastic deformation, while laser welding is a more suitable choice for 3-5mm RAFM steel.

Wind turbines are usually installed in harsh environment, which brings difficulties to their overhaul and maintenance. Gearbox is a component with high fault rate in wind turbine. In order to avoid its fault and premature fault, the potential factors that may cause the fault of wind turbine gearbox should be fully considered. In this paper, the components and power generation principle of wind turbines are briefly introduced, the common fault forms of gearboxes are sorted out, and the main influencing factors of gears and bearings with high fault rate are analyzed, which provides a reference for wind farm operators to better maintain gearboxes.

Gearbox is an important component of wind turbine, and its reliability is closely related to the running state of wind turbine and the economic benefits of wind farm. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure and function of gearbox. Then, taking a wind farm with gearbox failure as an example, the failure types of gearbox are analyzed by endoscopic examination and on-site dismantling. Finally, the causes of failures in actual operation are analyzed, which provides guidance for preventive maintenance and failure treatment of wind farm.

Wind turbines are subjected to strong gust impact and extreme temperature difference all the year round, so it should have high enough reliability to ensure normal operation. Because of the complex working conditions of wind turbines, it is easy to cause the gearbox to fail in its life, thus affecting the safe and reliable power generation of wind power. Therefore, it is very important to analyze and prevent the gearbox failure. This paper introduces the key role of gearbox in wind turbine, sorts out the common fault types of gearbox, and analyzes the main factors of gearbox fault from the stages of design and manufacture, installation and storage, operation and maintenance, which provides reference for wind farms to formulate fault prevention measures.

Ammonia (NH₃) and formaldehyde (HCHO) are common and highly toxic indoor gases, which are released into the environment through furniture, decorative materials, etc. When the human body is in the environment of ammonia and formaldehyde for a long time, it will cause irreversible harm to the human body. Therefore, it is of great significance for human health to detect low concentration NH₃ and HCHO mixtures efficiently. The gas sensor based on SnO₂ (tin oxide) has the characteristics of fast response, fast recovery and good selectivity, so it has a broad application prospect in detecting indoor toxic gases. In this paper, tin oxide and copper-doped tin oxide gas-sensing materials synthesized by bio-template and hydrothermal methods are introduced for self-made gas-sensing sensor arrays. The sensor array combines SSA-BPNN (Sparrow search algorithm optimized Back-propagation neural network) algorithm to predict and analyze indoor toxic gas concentration. The elemental composition of SnO₂ nanomaterials was characterized and analyzed by XRD (X-ray diffraction). The gas sensing characteristics of the sensor array were tested. The sensor array was combined with a neural network algorithm to successfully predict the concentration information of mixed toxic gases.

With the development of technology and the massive demand in the global market, intelligent manufacturing of machinery has become a key focus of development in various countries. It has higher efficiency and lower costs than traditional technologies. This review will focus on the six main technologies involved in intelligent machine manufacturing at this stage, and present the general direction of future development. The focus will be on the limitations and challenges of artificial intelligence technology and industrial robotics to provide direction for future development.

The relay is responsible for the power distribution and logic control function of the EMU. The failure of the relay affects the reliability of the system. Moreover, its failure often leads to the failure of important equipment or loops on the EMU, resulting in reduced speed operation or even shutdown, affecting the order and safety of driving. Systematically carry out work with inherent problems of the manufacturer analysis based on FMEA (Failure Mode Effects Analysis) using RPN (Risk Priority Number), provide support for effective life assessment and design selection.

In order to obtain insulation characteristic parameters corresponding to casing defects, the causes of defects were analyzed, and defects were simulated in actual casing, including poor drying of insulating paper inside casing, microcracks in core caused by thermal stress concentration during core solidification, and bubbles generated in core due to poor material degassing. The characteristics of partial discharge dielectric loss factor tanδ and capacitance number during the early insulation defect development of epoxy adhesive paper casing were studied by comparative measurement. The results show that the tanδ value and capacitance value of defective casing increase with aging time. The research results can provide reference for casing factory test and on-site insulation diagnosis.

To find out the causes of the girth weld defects in pipeline inspection and verify the weld quality, this paper implements the methods of radiographic inspection, mechanical inspection, and metallographic inspection to carry out experimental tests. The results show that the girth weld has good tensile property, poor impact toughness, reasonable distribution of hardness value, larger cover welding of the weld at 6 o 'clock position, repair welding phenomenon exists at the bottom welding position, and the crack originates from the groove of the bottom welding is non-fusion defect, which is not cleared in time during repair welding, and eventually expands to the filler welding metal, forming a crack.

The excess of harmful substances in cosmetics, especially the excessive addition of heavy metals, will cause certain harm to users. ICP-MS(Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) has the characteristics of high sensitivity and high efficiency, and it can detect multiple heavy metal components in a sample simultaneously. This paper introduces the new detection methods of common heavy metals mercury, cadmium and lead ions in cosmetics and their applications in cosmetics. Heavy metal detection technology is the basis and key to solve the problem of heavy metals exceeding the standard in cosmetics. Measuring the content of heavy metals in cosmetics by simple and rapid detection means will effectively promote the green development of cosmetics industry.

Due to the serious degradation of the image obtained by the optical detector in the water mist environment, the scattering absorption rate of the water mist environment on the electromagnetic wave band and the scattering effect of the water mist particles on the electromagnetic wave are analyzed, and the electromagnetic wave is analyzed, and a model for nearinfrared polarization imaging to eliminate the influence of water mist is established. Based on the polarization characteristics of the target transmitted light and the scattered light of the water mist particles under water mist conditions, the process of image degradation is reversed, the parameters of the traditional polarization and defogging algorithm are optimized, and the target image that has not passed the water mist environment is restored. Experimental analysis shows that this method has a good effect in removing water mist, and can more accurately reflect the polarization characteristics of the target and the water mist scene, which is of great significance for infrared polarization target detection.

The extensive use of terminal equipment puts forward higher requirements for the safety and reliability of power grid operation. Electromagnetic interference (EMC), heat and humidity, high temperature, and thunderstorms are common factors that cause failure of electronic products. In order to fully verify the reliability of the smart electricity meter, based on the successful laboratory testing, the typical operating environment is selected according to Chongqing regional characteristics, and the application scheme of smart electricity meters is formulated to carry out field pilot. Finally, the smart electricity meter pass the field pilot test successfully.

With the continuous development of information technology, video communication plays an increasingly important role in information transmission and is increasingly needed by human beings. Video codec technology is the support of video communication, so the research of video codec technology is of great significance. With the development of technology, the development of video codec technology is changing with each passing day, and it is widely used in all kinds of TV telephone. This paper introduces the latest standard of video codec based on the principle and method of video codec technology. With the development of modern audio and video technology, video codec technology has made great progress in the algorithm and process.