Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning of buildings account for about 15% of the global energy consumption, but about 20% of this building-related energy is lost because of inefficient windows. Is there a solution to this challenging problem? Starting from an overview of the physical principles associated with energy loss through windows, I will describe our development of visibly transparent, infrared-reflecting, thermally super-insulating and mechanically robust materials that may replace or retrofit the inefficient windowpanes of residential and commercial buildings. I will discuss how this technology has much in common with liquid crystal displays and how production of such unusual transparent aerogel materials is aided by bacteria to make them affordable.
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