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Petroleum products such as gasoline or oils tend to age over time with iterative thermocycles, leading to a degradation in quality. To investigate this aging process, spectroscopy techniques involving nonlinear four-wave mixing have been recently used to shed light on the viscoelastic properties of these materials. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering is an emerging spectroscopy technique for monitoring changes in the mechanical properties of materials by using a transient laser grating to create acoustic waves within the sample. A probe beam then diffracts off of this standing acoustic wave and yields in a frequency shift detected using optical heterodyning. Impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering was used to examine mineral oils, motor oils, and a variety of different gasoline grades. The gasoline samples underwent thermocycling to 70°C and back to room temperature to observe viscoelastic differences and noticeable hysteresis.
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Dominik A. Doktor, Sean P. O'Connor, Vladislav V. Yakovlev, "Examining viscoelastic properties of petroleum products using impulsive stimulated Brillouin scattering," Proc. SPIE 12405, Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XXII, 124050J (14 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2665886