BBO sapphire compound for high-power frequency conversion

Carolin Rothhardt; Jan Rothhardt; Arno Klenke; Thomas Peschel; Ramona Eberhardt; Jens Limpert; Andreas Tünnermann

doi:10.1117/12.2078302

20 February 2015 BBO sapphire compound for high-power frequency conversion

Carolin Rothhardt, Jan Rothhardt, Arno Klenke, Thomas Peschel, Ramona Eberhardt, Jens Limpert, Andreas Tünnermann

Proceedings Volume 9346, Components and Packaging for Laser Systems; 93460U (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2078302
Event: SPIE LASE, 2015, San Francisco, California, United States

Abstract

Lasers used for diverse applications from industry to fundamental science tend to increasing output powers. Some applications require frequency conversion via nonlinear optical crystals, which suffer from the formation of temperature gradients at high power operation which causes thermal lensing or destruction of the crystal due to tensile stresses. To avoid these unwanted effects we joined a beta barium borate (BBO) crystal with sapphire disks serving as effective heat spreaders due to their high thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity κ = 42 W/Km). Therefore, smooth and flat crystal surfaces were joined by plasma-activated bonding. The joining relies on covalent bonds, which are formed via a condensation reaction of the surfaces which are first connected by Van der Waals forces. The cleaned surfaces are activated by plasma and brought into contact, pressed together and heat treated at a temperature of about 100°C. Special attention has been paid to the cleaning of the surfaces. Therefor the surfaces have been evaluated before and after treatment by means of atomic force microscopy. A stable connection has been formed successfully, which has been tested in a proof of principle experiment and demonstrated efficient second harmonic generation at up to 253 W of input power. Compared to a bare single BBO crystal it could be shown that the temperature within the crystal compound is significantly reduced. Such hybrid structures pave the way for frequency conversion at kilowatts of average power for future high power lasers.

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Carolin Rothhardt, Jan Rothhardt, Arno Klenke, Thomas Peschel, Ramona Eberhardt, Jens Limpert, and Andreas Tünnermann "BBO sapphire compound for high-power frequency conversion", Proc. SPIE 9346, Components and Packaging for Laser Systems, 93460U (20 February 2015); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2078302

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KEYWORDS

Crystals

Sapphire

Nonlinear crystals

Laser crystals

Frequency conversion

Finite element methods

Harmonic generation

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