Through applications of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, our research has provided a unique view of HIV virion-antibody interactions. We developed a novel FRET-FCS based assay to identify how neutralizing and non-neutralizing epitopes are expressed on single virions. Most of our methods can be expanded for application to studies of in vitro primary infection systems. Recently, we developed a quantitative, intrinsic, label-free, and minimally invasive method based on two-photon fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging microscopy (2p-FLIM) for imaging NADH metabolism of virally infected cells and tissue sections.
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