Tensor manifold-based extreme learning machine for 2.5-D face recognition

Lee Ying Chong; Thian Song Ong; Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

doi:10.1117/1.JEI.27.1.013016

12 February 2018 Tensor manifold-based extreme learning machine for 2.5-D face recognition

Lee Ying Chong, Thian Song Ong, Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

Author Affiliations +

Journal of Electronic Imaging, Vol. 27, Issue 1, 013016 (February 2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.27.1.013016

Abstract

We explore the use of the Gabor regional covariance matrix (GRCM), a flexible matrix-based descriptor that embeds the Gabor features in the covariance matrix, as a 2.5-D facial descriptor and an effective means of feature fusion for 2.5-D face recognition problems. Despite its promise, matching is not a trivial problem for GRCM since it is a special instance of a symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrix that resides in non-Euclidean space as a tensor manifold. This implies that GRCM is incompatible with the existing vector-based classifiers and distance matchers. Therefore, we bridge the gap of the GRCM and extreme learning machine (ELM), a vector-based classifier for the 2.5-D face recognition problem. We put forward a tensor manifold-compliant ELM and its two variants by embedding the SPD matrix randomly into reproducing kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) via tensor kernel functions. To preserve the pair-wise distance of the embedded data, we orthogonalize the random-embedded SPD matrix. Hence, classification can be done using a simple ridge regressor, an integrated component of ELM, on the random orthogonal RKHS. Experimental results show that our proposed method is able to improve the recognition performance and further enhance the computational efficiency.

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Lee Ying Chong, Thian Song Ong, and Andrew Beng Jin Teoh "Tensor manifold-based extreme learning machine for 2.5-D face recognition," Journal of Electronic Imaging 27(1), 013016 (12 February 2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.27.1.013016

Received: 23 August 2017; Accepted: 9 January 2018; Published: 12 February 2018

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KEYWORDS

Image fusion

Facial recognition systems

3D image processing

Distance measurement

Feature extraction

Condition numbers

Image processing

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