Large field-of-view short-wave infrared metalens for scanning fiber endoscopy

Ningzhi Xie; Matthew D. Carson; Johannes E. Fröch; Arka Majumdar; Eric J. Seibel; Karl F. Böhringer

doi:10.1117/1.JBO.28.9.094802

9 March 2023 Large field-of-view short-wave infrared metalens for scanning fiber endoscopy

Ningzhi Xie, Matthew D. Carson, Johannes E. Fröch, Arka Majumdar, Eric J. Seibel, Karl F. Böhringer

Author Affiliations +

Journal of Biomedical Optics, Vol. 28, Issue 9, 094802 (March 2023). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.9.094802

Abstract

Significance

The scanning fiber endoscope (SFE), an ultrasmall optical imaging device with a large field-of-view (FOV) for having a clear forward view into the interior of blood vessels, has great potential in the cardiovascular disease diagnosis and surgery assistance, which is one of the key applications for short-wave infrared biomedical imaging. The state-of-the-art SFE system uses a miniaturized refractive spherical lens doublet for beam projection. A metalens is a promising alternative that can be made much thinner and has fewer off-axis aberrations than its refractive counterpart.

Aim

We demonstrate a transmissive metalens working at 1310 nm for a forward viewing endoscope to achieve a shorter device length and better resolution at large field angles.

Approach

We optimize the metalens of the SFE system using Zemax, fabricate it using e-beam lithography, characterize its optical performances, and compare them with the simulations.

Results

The SFE system has a resolution of ∼ 140 μm at the center of field (imaging distance 15 mm), an FOV of ∼ 70 deg, and a depth-of-focus of ∼15 mm, which are comparable with a state-of-the-art refractive lens SFE. The use of the metalens reduces the length of the optical track from 1.2 to 0.86 mm. The resolution of our metalens-based SFE drops by less than a factor of 2 at the edge of the FOV, whereas the refractive lens counterpart has a ∼ 3 times resolution degradation.

Conclusions

These results show the promise of integrating a metalens into an endoscope for device minimization and optical performance improvement.

CC BY: © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

Citation Download Citation

Ningzhi Xie, Matthew D. Carson, Johannes E. Fröch, Arka Majumdar, Eric J. Seibel, and Karl F. Böhringer "Large field-of-view short-wave infrared metalens for scanning fiber endoscopy," Journal of Biomedical Optics 28(9), 094802 (9 March 2023). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.28.9.094802

Received: 17 December 2022; Accepted: 16 February 2023; Published: 9 March 2023

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