Open Access
1 July 2006 Concise formula for the Zernike coefficients of scaled pupils
Augustus J.E.M. Janssen, Peter Dirksen
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Abstract
Modern steppers and scanners have a projection lens whose numerical aperture (NA) can be varied so as to optimize the image performance for certain lithographic features. Thus a variable fraction of the aberrations is actually involved in the imaging process. In this letter, we present a concise formula for the NA scaling of the Zernike coefficients. In addition, we apply our results to the Strehl ratio.
©(2006) Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
Augustus J.E.M. Janssen and Peter Dirksen "Concise formula for the Zernike coefficients of scaled pupils," Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 5(3), 030501 (1 July 2006). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2345672
Published: 1 July 2006
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CITATIONS
Cited by 23 scholarly publications.
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KEYWORDS
Lithography

Image processing

Monochromatic aberrations

Scanners

Zernike polynomials

Solids

Computer simulations

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