Most well-known litho-simulation packages work with Manhattan unit cells to exploit the advantages of fast Fourier transforms. Simple 1D features with arbitrary orientations may lead to the fact that quite a large 2D area is needed to describe those features. The obvious consequences are that the feature is approximated by a staircase and that the pitches are related to the angle of rotation. The latter leads often to an increase in computation time, especially when the topography of the mask is taken into account. An obvious way of avoiding that is to rotate the features and all pupil functions or lens properties to |
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Polarization
Reticles
Semiconducting wafers
Light sources and illumination
Computation time
Interpolation
Diffraction