Based on chaotic biological cryptography and computer-generated holography, a symmetric–asymmetric hybrid encryption and decryption system was proposed. This method has multiple keys, in which two decryption keys are different from the encryption keys. The encryption and decryption system possesses both symmetric and asymmetric key cryptography features. The biometric code is unique and unchangeable, not easy to be stolen or lost, which further enhances the security of the system. Chaos technology can reduce the amount of information, when combined with the advantages of the digitization of computer-generated holography, which can be conducive to the preservation and the transmission of encrypted information. The numerical simulation results show that this scheme is feasible and has better security and higher robustness.