We present the results from testing the performance of CdZnTe (CZT) position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid (VFG) detectors for gamma-ray imaging. Large-volume CZT detectors with dimensions up to 10x10x30 mm3 recently became available from CZT crystal vendors. Such devices improve detection efficiency and position resolution when integrated into position-sensitive photon counting cameras proposed for nonproliferation, nuclear security, and gamma-ray astronomy. It is important to evaluate the factors affecting the response uniformity and limiting the performance of these detectors. In general, the response non-uniformities could be caused by detector geometries, materials inhomogeneity, and crystal defects. Several techniques have been developed to correct response non-uniformities and improve detector performance. Among them are the high-granularity position-sensitive detectors, which provide the most accurate and robust corrections. Position sensitivity can also be used to reveal response non-uniformities and understand their causes during the detector development or fabrication stages. Here, we describe a technique that we developed for position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid detectors employing CdZnTe (CZT) and other semiconductors. To illustrate our experimental technique, we measured responses from the selected detectors of different qualities acquired from different vendors and grown by different methods.
TlBr is a promising material for room-temperature semiconductor gamma-ray detectors currently under development by several groups around the world. TlBr has the optimal combination of properties: high atomic number, high density, high mu-tau product, low Fano factor, and lower fabrication cost compared to other materials. The presence of crystal defects and ionic drift-diffusion enchained by the electric field affects the performance of today’s TlBr detectors. As a bias is applied across a detector, a defect distribution inside starts changing due to ion migration. The changes appear to be most pronounced in the first weeks of applying a bias to newly-manufactured crystals during the “conditioning” period. The 3-D position-sensitive detectors provide an opportunity to investigate these processes and their effects on the device performance and on corrections applied to the spectrum. Here, we present results from analyzing response changes in TlBr crystals under applied biases using position-sensitive capacitive Frisch-grid detectors.
This work has been supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office, under competitively awarded contract 70RDND18C00000024. This support does not constitute an express or implied endorsement on the part of the Government.
We report on the results from testing CdZnTe (CZT) position-sensitive virtual Frisch-grid (VFG) detectors and a prototype of a 16x16 detector array proposed for a high-energy gamma ray imaging space telescope. Previously, we evaluated the spectroscopic performance of these detectors. Here, we present results from our detector performance studies with an emphasis on position resolution. We employed digital waveform capturing and analog ASIC based approaches to read out the signals from the detectors and evaluate their spectral- and spatial-resolution. The VFG arrays allow for the flexibility to scale-up the dimensions of the detectors for the desired efficiency, while the position information allows for correcting the detectors’ response non-uniformities caused by crystal defects and device geometry, thereby reducing the instrument cost and making them more feasible for emerging applications in gamma-ray astronomy, nonproliferation, portal screening and nuclear safeguards, where large
The LSST Camera focal plane will be constructed with 21 144-Mpixel modules (“Raft Tower Module”, RTM). An extensive operational test is performed to confirm the integrity of all connections and to verify the basic functionality. Each RTM undergoes at least four connectivity tests. A python script communicates with Java- based control software and performs the test. A final script parses the test data and generates a PDF report. The report includes a summary PASS/FAIL table, several hundred current, voltage and temperature parameters, and images taken with the CCD array at room temperature.
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