This study into the SPLITS{Sampling Partitioning (Liquid) Irregularities in Turbid Solutions}effect is part of the Aqua-
STEW (Water Quality Surveillance Techniques for Early Warning by Tensiographic Sensors) 5th Framework European project. The paper reports new experimental measurements into this effect using the fibre drop analyser. Capillary hydrodynamic fractionation has been previously been observed, but the drop analyser technique provides improved experimental characterisation of the effect. A description of the optical tensiograph system used is given with details of the five strategies designed to minimize this SPLITS effect. It has been observed that the sampling of the solution by a stepper-pump to the instrument drophead, leads to irregular concentrations in the delivery tubing and thence the drophead. The measured tensiotrace variations in successive microlitre samples delivered from the capillary have provided an insightful experimental approach for the study of this important effect. It has been found that the best approach for the minimization of these unwanted concentration irregularities is using high-speed aspiration. The paper ends with discussion on the general relevance of this SPLITS effect to other chemical techniques that must sample turbid solutions and analyses the specific issues posed for on-line water monitoring systems.
Scattered colorimetry, i.e., multi-angle and multi-wavelength absorption spectroscopy performed in the visible spectral range, was used to map three kinds of liquids: extra virgin olive oils, frying oils, and detergents in water. By multivariate processing of the spectral data, the liquids could be classified according to their intrinisic characteristics: geographic area of extra virgin olive oils, degradation of frying oils, and surfactant types and mixtures in water.
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