Proper implant alignment is a critical step in total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures. In current practice, correct alignment of the acetabular cup is verified in C-arm X-ray images that are acquired in an anteriorposterior (AP) view. Favorable surgical outcome is, therefore, heavily dependent on the surgeon’s experience in understanding the 3D orientation of a hemispheric implant from 2D AP projection images. This work proposes an easy to use intra-operative component planning system based on two C-arm X-ray images that is combined with 3D augmented reality (AR) visualization that simplifies impactor and cup placement according to the planning by providing a real-time RGBD data overlay. We evaluate the feasibility of our system in a user study comprising four orthopedic surgeons at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, and also report errors in translation, anteversion, and abduction as low as 1.98 mm, 1.10°, and 0.53°, respectively. The promising performance of this AR solution shows that deploying this system could eliminate the need for excessive radiation, simplify the intervention, and enable reproducibly accurate placement of acetabular implants.
Pre-operative CT data is available for several orthopedic and trauma interventions, and is mainly used to identify injuries and plan the surgical procedure. In this work we propose an intuitive augmented reality environment allowing visualization of pre-operative data during the intervention, with an overlay of the optical information from the surgical site. The pre-operative CT volume is first registered to the patient by acquiring a single C-arm X-ray image and using 3D/2D intensity-based registration. Next, we use an RGBD sensor on the C-arm to fuse the optical information of the surgical site with patient pre-operative medical data and provide an augmented reality environment. The 3D/2D registration of the pre- and intra-operative data allows us to maintain a correct visualization each time the C-arm is repositioned or the patient moves. An overall mean target registration error (mTRE) and standard deviation of 5.24 ± 3.09 mm was measured averaged over 19 C-arm poses. The proposed solution enables the surgeon to visualize pre-operative data overlaid with information from the surgical site (e.g. surgeon’s hands, surgical tools, etc.) for any C-arm pose, and negates issues of line-of-sight and long setup times, which are present in commercially available systems.
Reproducibly achieving proper implant alignment is a critical step in total hip arthroplasty procedures that has been shown to substantially affect patient outcome. In current practice, correct alignment of the acetabular cup is verified in C-arm x-ray images that are acquired in an anterior–posterior (AP) view. Favorable surgical outcome is, therefore, heavily dependent on the surgeon’s experience in understanding the 3-D orientation of a hemispheric implant from 2-D AP projection images. This work proposes an easy to use intraoperative component planning system based on two C-arm x-ray images that are combined with 3-D augmented reality (AR) visualization that simplifies impactor and cup placement according to the planning by providing a real-time RGBD data overlay. We evaluate the feasibility of our system in a user study comprising four orthopedic surgeons at the Johns Hopkins Hospital and report errors in translation, anteversion, and abduction as low as 1.98 mm, 1.10 deg, and 0.53 deg, respectively. The promising performance of this AR solution shows that deploying this system could eliminate the need for excessive radiation, simplify the intervention, and enable reproducibly accurate placement of acetabular implants.
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