Compared to traditional identification technology, biometric technology has attracted a lot of attention because it highlights the special physiological characteristics and behavioural patterns of the human body. Among many biometric technologies, finger vein recognition technology is highly resistant to forgery, reliable, and unaffected by changes in skin surface conditions. In this study, a specially designed 128-ring array fast photoacoustic imaging system is used to accurately capture finger vein, muscle and skin images for information acquisition. The image segmentation algorithm in deep learning was used to remove the noise from the images, and then using the uniqueness of finger veins and muscle structures between individuals, the features of each image were automatically extracted using a 2D convolutional neural network to produce the classification results for each image, which were then ensemble to produce the identification results for each subject.
Photoacoustic Tomography (PAT) combines the advantages of optical imaging and ultrasound imaging, playing an indispensable role in biomedical research and clinical investigations. However, current advanced PAT systems are large in size and expensive, limiting their widespread adoption. Despite attempts to reduce costs by using low-cost light sources, research on sensor driving and data acquisition optimization remains lacking. Therefore, we present a low-cost and high-speed PAT system consisting of a 20Hz pulse frequency PhotoSonus-YAG laser, ultrasound array transducer, a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition system, and computer.This study designs a multi-channel high-speed data acquisition system (DAS) based on FPGA. The system, with FPGA as the core, DDR III SDRAM as the storage device, and a 14-bit high-performance ADC as the core analogto- digital conversion chip, utilizes a USB-based high-speed data acquisition card solution. To meet the demand for synchronous processing of multi-channel signals, the system employs high-end FPGA chips from Xilinx’s ZYNQ7000 series and Texas Instruments’ AFE5816 chips from the ultrasonic AFE series. These components are interconnected via Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS) interfaces to ensure high-speed and highly reliable digital signal transmission. The designed high-speed data acquisition system achieves a collection of 65MSPS × 14 Bit × 16 channels, with a maximum data acquisition speed of 1000 frames per second. This design not only significantly reduces the volume and cost of the PAT system but also ensures the quality of image preservation through real-time data acquisition and processing.
Breast cancer has a high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The overexpression of HSP70 (Heat Shock Protein 70) has associated with the occurrence, development, treatment, prognosis and drug resistance in breast cancer, and may become a new target for anti-tumor therapy. In this paper, triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 were used to investigate the effects of HS (Heat Shock) and HSP70 inhibitor VER-155008 treatments on mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Meanwhile, the cell proliferation was studied by MTT method. We observed that mitochondrial networks were broken and the mitochondrial membrane potentials were decreased with the HSP70 function inhibition, and its pro-apoptotic effects can be alleviated when VER-155008 treatment was combined with HS. These results were the same as the effects of HS and HSP70 inhibitor on MCF-7, ER-positive breast cancer cells, we had reported. In addition, the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 after different treatments indicated that HS treatment promoted proliferation in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231.
Blood vessels are not only the channel of tumor growth and metastasis, but also the channel of tumor drug therapy. With the development of laser technology, laser treatment of tumor has attracted more and more attention. The changes of blood vessels and tumor parenchyma during photothermal therapy directly reflect the effect of photothermal therapy on tumor. In this paper, speckle variance OCT was used to monitor the dynamic changes of blood vessels and tumor parenchyma in laser photothermal therapy. Specifically, taking the mouse ear as an animal model, the spectral domain OCT combined with speckle variance algorithm was used to monitor the changes of blood vessels and tissues in real time during tissue 830nm continuous laser irradiation. At the same time, the infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the temperature change in the process. To establish the correlation between temperature and the damage of tissue and blood vessels under laser irradiation. The results will provide an effective evaluation method for photothermal therapy and an auxiliary method for tumor treatment monitoring
Endometrial carcinoma is an epithelial malignant tumor o the endometrium. At present, the conventional methods for endometrial carcinoma detection are cytologial smear and hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy. The hysteroscopic biopsy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and treatment technique in gynecology. However, it can only obtain the lesion of upper mucosa of the uterus by hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy, but cannot detect the infiltration depth of the lesions. Photoacoustic imagining is an imagining technique combining optical and ultrasound. It has both the high resolution of optical imaging and the deep detection depth of ultrasonic imaging. In our study, hysteroscopy-based photoacoustic imaging techniques were proposed to discuss the effect of pigeon intracavitary imaging. The results show that the detectable depth reaches 2.5 cm in our ultrasonic probe with hysteroscopy in vitro. And the longitudinal resolution is 0.5mm. So the system can effectively detect subcutaneous lesions in the cavity. The system is expected to play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment monitoring of the uterine lesions.
Photoacoustic Blood Pressure Recognition Based on Deep LearningXiaoman Zhang, Huaqin Wu, Biying Yu, Sulian Wu, Weijie Wu,Jianyong Cai*and Hui Li* Key Laboratory of OptoElectronicScience and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology,College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, P.R. ChinaABSTRACTContinuous and non-invasive real-time measurement of human blood pressure is of great importance for health care and clinical diagnosis.Photoacoustic imaging allows absorption-based high-resolution spectroscopyin vivo imaging with a depth beyond that of optical microscopy. In this study,a novel photoacoustic imaging systemis usedfor monitoring and imaging of vesselpulsation,whichcan realize simple, non-invasive and continuous measurement and recognition of blood pressure. Combined with deep learning method, a model is established to effectively evaluate the dependence of blood vessel elasticity on theblood pressure.These results can quickly and accurately identify the photoacoustic signals of blood vessels under different pressures.
Fibroblasts are important players in proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis of cancer cells. Until now, histological methods such as hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining are still a gold standard to assess fibroblasts in traditional histopathology. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) has become a key technology for biological tissues imaging without staining at the cellular level. In this study, MPM based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) was used to identify the fibroblasts in breast cancer tissue. Normal fibroblasts with spindle shape and abnormal fibroblasts with stellate shape could be clearly obtained by MPM.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are the endogenous fluorophores in cells. Optical redox ratio determined by the ratio of NADH and FAD was an important oxygenic indicator to reflect cell metabolism. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has been recognized as a target for antitumor therapy. In this study, the optical redox ratio was used to evaluate the metabolic changes after the synergistic treatment of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells based on optical metabolic imaging. In addition, the cell viability was also measured after the treatments of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor by MTT assay. We observed that changes of the redox ratio and the cell viability with synergistic treatment of tamoxifen and HSP70 inhibitor were more obvious than the results of the sole treatment of tamoxifen or HSP70 inhibitor. These results indicated that the inhibition of HSP70 improve drug response of MCF-7 breast cancer cells.
Resting heart rate (RHR) is considered an important biomedical indicator to evaluate cardiovascular function. High RHR is an important prognostic factor for sudden cardiac death and heart failure in the general population, and especially among patients with known cardiac disease. The imaging photoplethysmography (IPPG) technology is used to achieve the accurate detection of RHR signal, which has the advantages of low cost, simple operation, fast acquisition speed etc. In this paper, we propose a new simple, inexpensive and easy-to-use method to measure the RHR in vivo. The result shows that Fast Fourier Transform with Hamming window filters, band-pass filter gives more accurate results. The color change of the fingertip is enlarged by using the mobile phone camera. From the distribution of color change of the fingertip, the RHR is estimated with the primary calibration result of the relationship between color variation and the blood volume change.
Heat shock (HS) is one of the best-studied exogenous cellular stresses, and all cellular compartments and metabolic processes are involved in HS response. The heat shock proteins (Hsps) expression enhanced during HS mainly localized in subcellular compartments, such as cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum and mitochandria. The major inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) modulate cellular homeostasis and promote cellular survival by blocking a caspase independent cell death through its association with apoptosis inducing factor. Mitochondria as the critical elements of HS response that participate in key metabolic reactions, and the changes in mitochonrial morphology may impact on mitochondrial metabolism. In this paper, the changes of mitorchondrial morphology in breast cancer cell have been monitored in real time after heat shock (43 ℃ ) by the fluorescence imaging, and the influence of Hsp70 inhibitor on mitochandrial structures have also been investigated. Then the information of mitochondrial metabolism which can be characterized by the level of the mitochondrial membrane potential has also been obtained wihout/with the treatment of Hsp70 inhibitor. Our data indicated that the mitochandrial morphology were related with the mitochandrial membrane potential, and the mitochandrial membrane potential was influenced significantly with the treatment of Hsp70 inhibitor during HS.
The 632nm wavelength low intensity He-Ne laser was used to irradiated on 15 mice which had skin wound. The
dynamic changes and wound healing processes were observed with nonlinear spectral imaging technology. We observed
that:(1)The wound healing process was accelerated by the low-level laser therapy(LLLT);(2)The new tissues produced
second harmonic generation (SHG) signals. Collagen content and microstructure differed dramatically at different time
pointed along the wound healing. Our observation shows that the low intensity He-Ne laser irradiation can accelerate the
healing process of skin wound in mice, and SHG imaging technique can be used to observe wound healing process,
which is useful for quantitative characterization of wound status during wound healing process.
Two sets of in vivo female cheek skin epidermis images were analyzed through gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and fast fourier transform (FFT). One set was derived from women in their 20s and the other from women more than 60 years of age. GLCM was used to evaluate the texture features of the regions of interest within the cheek epidermis, and texture classification was subsequently performed. During texture classification, 25 images (320×240 pixels) in each age set were randomly selected. Three texture features, i.e., energy, contrast, and correlation, were obtained from the skin images and analyzed at four orientations (0°, 45°,90°, and 135°), accompanied by different distances between two pixels. The textures of the different aging skins were characterized by FFT, which provides the dermatoglyph orientation index. The differences in the textures between the young and old skin samples can be well described by the FFT dermatoglyph orientation index. The texture features varied among the different aging skins, which provide a versatile platform for differentiating the statuses of aging skins.
The diffuse light detected from tissue surface contains the information about the tissue optical parameters. How
to extract tissue optical parameters from the reflectance light with accuracy plays a significant role in optical
diagnosis. A nonlinear least square fitting algorithm was used to display the fitting accuracy influenced by the
fitting start time, the fitting end time, the two parameters fitting ( μa , μ's ) and the three parameters fitting ( μa , μ's , amplitude factor A ) on the basis of the MC simulation. A comparison is made between the results that to
use the diffuse reflectance data with a certain detecting angle to fit to the diffuse reflectance formula based on
the full angle detecting and to fit to the diffusion formula based on corresponding detecting angle respectively.
The influences of different nonlinear least square fitting algorithm on the fitting accuracy and on the fitting time
are also discussed. The result shows that the optical parameters determination is influenced by many factors. It
may play a significant role in improving the fitting accuracy of tissue optical parameters and in the tissue
noninvasive diagnosis.
Because of frequent exposure to carcinogens, the bronchus is prone to early pathologic alterations. The assessment of these early changes is of key significance in physiological studies and disease diagnosis of the bronchus. We utilize nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) to image mouse bronchial tissue based on intrinsic nonlinear optical contrast. Our results show that NLOM is effective for imaging the bronchial intact microstructural components, providing quantitative information about the biomorphology and biochemistry of tissue. Our findings also display that NLOM can provide a two-photon ratiometric redox fluorometry, based on mitochondrial signals and reduced pyridine nucleotide (NADH and NADPH) and oxidized flavoproteins (Fp) signals, to assess the metabolic state of the epithelial cells and chondrocytes. It was found that NLOM can offer a sensitive tool, based on the second-harmonic signal depth-dependent decay, to obtain quantitative information on the optical property of the stroma associated with normal and diseased tissue states. Our results suggest that with the advent of the clinical portability of typical nonlinear optical endoscopy, the NLOM technique has the potential to be applied in vivo to the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of bronchial disease.
A Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate the propagation of polarized light was used and the backscattered Mueller matrices
were calculated for various scattering and absorption coefficients and layered structures. Results show that scattering
produce a spatial re-distribution of light, while absorption only causes a uniform decrease in intensity. The major
contribution to backscattered Mueller matrix comes from weakly scattered photons. As scattering enhances the majority
of these photons exit from around the centre. result in image intensity increase around the centre and decrease at the edge.
For absorption strengthen only uniform intensity weakening was observed. Both can be easily differentiated by Mueller
matrix distribution patterns. A two-layer niodel with thin surface layer was also calculated, Mueller matrix represent
disparate alternant rule for upper and lower layer, which suggest possibilities for discriminating subtle epidennal
structure. All these results together indicate that discriminate optical properties in turbid media using backscattered
Mueller matrix is feasible.
The technology of time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy to determine optical parameters of biological tissues is reviewed in this paper. The theoretical model and some the development conditions are also presented. As an example, a Monte Carlo algorithm was developed to a two-layered tissue. Based on the numerical simulation, the structure information including the optical properties of the tissue can be obtained. In addition, the prospect of time-resolved diffuse optical spectroscopy technology is commented based on our opinion.
KEYWORDS: Skin, Collagen, Digital image correlation, Refractive index, Microscopy, In vivo imaging, Tissue optics, Injuries, Animal model studies, Biopsy
Living cells and transparent specimen can be observed by the Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) microscopy. In this paper, the morphologic changes of mouse skin in vivo treated in several configurations by intense pulse light (IPL) were observed by a DIC microscopy. The differences of the images before and after the IPL irradiation were obtained and the mechanism was analyzed. In addition, the collagen recombination after the irradiation of IPL in skin was acquired.
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