Assays used in pharmaceutical research require a system that can not only detect biochemical interactions with high
sensitivity, but that can also perform many measurements in parallel while consuming low volumes of reagents. While
nearly all label-free biosensor transducers to date have been interfaced with a flow channel, the liquid handling system is
typically aligned and bonded to the transducer for supplying analytes to only a few sensors in parallel.
In this presentation, we describe a fabrication approach for photonic crystal biosensors that utilizes nanoreplica molding
to produce a network of sensors that are automatically self-aligned with a microfluidic network in a single process step.
The sensor/fluid network is inexpensively produced on large surface areas upon flexible plastic substrates, allowing the
device to be incorporated into standard format 96-well microplates. A simple flow scheme using hydrostatic pressure
applied through a single control point enables immobilization of capture ligands upon a large number of sensors with
220 nL of reagent, and subsequent exposure of the sensors to test samples. A high resolution imaging detection
instrument is capable of monitoring the binding within parallel channels at rates compatible with determining kinetic
binding constants between the immobilized ligands and the analytes. The first implementation of this system is capable
of monitoring the kinetic interactions of 11 flow channels at once, and a total of 88 channels within an integrated
biosensor microplate in rapid succession. The system was initially tested to characterize the interaction between sets of
proteins with known binding behavior.
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