Mr. Eric M. Summers Profile

Eric M. Summers

Director/Materials Engineering at ETREMA Products Inc

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Publications (8)

Proceedings Article | 2 April 2008 Paper

Aluminum additions in polycrystalline iron-gallium (Galfenol) alloys

M. Brooks, E. Summers, R. Meloy, J. Mosley

Proceedings Volume 6929, 69291T (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.775789

KEYWORDS: Iron, Aluminum, Magnetostrictive materials, Gallium, Binary data, Magnetism, Crystals, Smart materials, Solids, Chemistry

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Galfenol alloys show promise as a new magnetically activated smart material based on their unique combination of relatively high magnetostrictive performance and good mechanical robustness. Investigations of aluminum additions to single crystal iron-gallium alloys have been done previously, and the magnetostrictive response seems to follow the rule of mixtures with decreasing saturation magnetostriction with increasing aluminum content. Aluminum is assumed to substitute for Ga directly in the alloy. Directionally solidified polycrystalline Galfenol alloys with aluminum additions were produced to determine the effects on the magnetic properties. Iron-gallium-aluminum alloys were investigated for two primary reasons: (1) Fe-Al alloys are well established and are typically manufactured using conventional thermo-mechanical processing techniques such as rolling; it is anticipated that aluminum additions will aid in the development of Galfenol alloy rolled sheets (2) Gallium prices continue to rise and a cost effective alternative needs to be investigated. Several Fe-Ga-Al alloy compositions were prepared using the Free Stand Zone Melting (FSZM) directional solidification technique. Alloy composition ranges investigated include: Fe_80.5Ga_xAl_19.5-x (4.9≤x≤13), Fe_81.6Ga_yAl_18.4-y (4.6≤y≤13.8), and Fe₈₅Ga_zAl_15-z (3.75≤z≤11.25). Alloys were studied using EDS (chemistry verification), EBSD (crystallite orientation), and magnetic characterization techniques to determine the effect of aluminum addition on the polycrystalline binary Fe-Ga system. Magnetic properties such as saturation magnetostriction (λ_sat), piezomagnetic constant (d₃₃), and relative magnetic permeability (μ_r) of directionally solidified Fe-Ga-Al polycrystalline alloys will be compared to binary Fe-Ga alloys including investigations into the crystal orientation effects on these properties. Results suggest that up to 50% aluminum can be substituted in the alloy while maintaining considerable saturation magnetostriction, > 200 ppm.

Proceedings Article | 20 April 2007 Paper

Producing and quantifying induced uniaxial anisotropy in stress annealed polycrystalline Galfenol

Jessica Boer, James Restorff, Eric Summers

Proceedings Volume 6526, 65262I (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.715135

KEYWORDS: Annealing, Anisotropy, Magnetostrictive materials, Data modeling, Gallium, Statistical modeling, Magnetism, Heat treatments, Temperature metrology, Warfare

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Proceedings Article | 6 April 2006 Paper

Effect of stress annealing on Galfenol and Alfenol magnetostrictive alloys

A. Clark, J. Restorff, M. Wun-Fogle, Eric Summers

Proceedings Volume 6170, 61700I (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.657980

KEYWORDS: Magnetostrictive materials, Gallium, Annealing, Magnetism, Anisotropy, Iron, Aluminum, Heat treatments, Warfare, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 6 April 2006 Paper

Machining of iron-gallium for microactuator

Toshiyuki Ueno, Eric Summers, Toshiro Higuchi

Proceedings Volume 6170, 61700O (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.659410

KEYWORDS: Magnetostrictive materials, Actuators, Microactuators, Ferroelectric materials, Magnetism, Doppler effect, Iron, Gallium, Chemical oxygen iodine lasers, Epoxies

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Investigation of magneto-mechanical properties of Galfenol for coil-less magnetic force control using inverse magnetostrictive effect

Toshiyuki Ueno, Eric Summers, Thomas Lograsso, Toshiro Higuchi

Proceedings Volume 5761, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.600363

KEYWORDS: Magnetism, Magnetostrictive materials, Iron, Composites, Control systems, Head, Gallium, Ferroelectric materials, Resistance, Smart materials

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Proceedings Article | 16 May 2005 Paper

Elevated temperature aging of stress annealed Fe-Ga transduction alloys with built-in uniaxial stress anisotropies

M. Wun-Fogle, J. Restorff, A. Clark, Eric Summers

Proceedings Volume 5761, (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.599881

KEYWORDS: Anisotropy, Magnetostrictive materials, Annealing, Iron, Magnetism, Gallium, Data modeling, Crystals, Solids, Warfare

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2004 Paper

Comparison of transduction behavior of polycrystalline gallium-iron alloys and Terfenol-D

Julie Slaughter, Eric Summers, Jonathan Snodgrass

Proceedings Volume 5387, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.539773

KEYWORDS: Magnetism, Transducers, Magnetostrictive materials, Crystals, Iron, Gallium, Static characterization, Data modeling, Picosecond phenomena, Mechanical efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 21 July 2004 Paper

Magnetic and mechanical properties of polycrystalline Galfenol

Eric Summers, Thomas Lograsso, Jonathan Snodgrass, Julie Slaughter

Proceedings Volume 5387, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.539781

KEYWORDS: Magnetostrictive materials, Crystals, Gallium, Iron, Magnetism, Analytical research, Statistical analysis, Single crystal X-ray diffraction, Microscopy, Chemical species

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Showing 5 of 8 publications

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