There is a significant association between the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), in which the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as an essential bridge connecting the periphery to the central nervous system, maybe a vital link in revealing the mechanism of the association between the two diseases. The function of the T2DM blood-brain barrier and its influence on the pathogenesis of AD remains unclear. We found reduced Glut-1 and Claudin-5 immunopositive reactive regions in the brains of spontaneous T2DM cynomolgus monkeys by multiple immunological experiments, suggesting dysfunctional transport and impaired integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Meanwhile, different degrees of AD-like pathology formation were found in the brains of spontaneous T2DM cynomolgus monkeys and were positively correlated with the degree of blood-brain barrier damage. The present study demonstrates that T2DM leads to impairmed of blood-brain barrier integrity, subsequently affecting AD pathogenesis.
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