To solve the contradiction between miniaturization of photoelectric encoders and high-precision measurement, a matrix coding and decoding method based on 16 quadrants is proposed in this paper. 21-bit matrix coding can be realized by engraving two circles of matrix code tracks, compared with traditional optoelectronic encoders, this encoder achieves higher accuracy with fewer code circles. In this paper, the design of a new-type matrix code disk, the design of coding and decoding methods and simulation analysis are mainly carried out. Theoretical calculation and simulation analysis show that the encoder designed is feasible, and this paper proposes a new method for the miniaturization and high-precision measurement of encoder.
Encoders have the advantages of high precision and reliability, and are widely used in industries such as industry and aviation and military industries. As Industry 4.0 puts forward higher requirements for encoder output accuracy, this paper proposes a subdivision error compensation model of particle swarm network based on adaptive subdivision. Through the parallel iterative particle swarm optimization model, the error compensation of the encoder output grating signal is realized. The problems in the past particle swarm optimization models, such as slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local optimum, are optimized. The optimization algorithm can effectively improve the convergence speed and system accuracy of traditional particle swarm optimization.
As a precision position sensor, the photoelectric encoder has difficulty avoiding eccentricity or tilt error in the industrial manufacturing and assembly process. At present, manual error correction is often used to adjust. The adjustment efficiency is low, and it has difficulty cooperating with other types of error compensation methods. In view of these problems, we proposed a photoelectric encoder eccentricity error detection and compensation method based on digital signal bandpass filtering that effectively corrects the signal deviation caused by the installation eccentricity in the output signal and judges the direction and magnitude of the eccentricity error to realize the encoding correction of eccentricity and inclination error of the device. The mathematical model of the eccentric error generation principle of the photoelectric encoder combined with the Lissajous figure was derived. We then demonstrated the design of a photoelectric encoder error detection platform to detect photoelectric encoders of different diameters in real time. Finally, using the advantages of field programmable gate array high-speed parallel processing, the error compensation algorithm was written into the development chip to improve the efficiency of processing the encoder output error signal. This method can adapt to the eccentricity error correction and compensation of different models of photoelectric encoders and can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy compared with previous detection methods.
A high-precision error measurement method of angular displacements based on the biaxial of the reciprocal roll angles (RRA) is presented. The resolution and precision of the angular displacement measurement systems are guaranteed using the principle of small-angle measurements, along with a photoelectric autocollimator and reflector. Based on the method of the biaxial RRA and the principle of full-circle closure, a displacement measurement system covering the full circumferential range is built. The displacement measurement system can recognize the reference angle error elimination, the calibration angle error, and mutual compensation. The total error model of the angular displacement error measurement and the biaxial turntable is established, and the main error terms are analyzed using the total error model of the turntable and the components. The traditional “Fourier harmonic analysis” and sparse decomposition methods are used to correct the system error components. The simulation accuracy of the corrected turntable is similar to that of the error-free term, and the analysis results are used in the system-optimized configuration, including precision distribution. The experiment verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed high precision, angular displacement, and error measurement method.
In view of the measurement of the slot surface difference in the large-scale mechanical assembly process, Based on high frequency laser scanning technology and laser detection imaging principle, This paragraph designs a double galvanometer pulse laser scanning system. Laser probe scanning system architecture consists of three parts: laser ranging part, mechanical scanning part, data acquisition and processing part. The part of laser range uses high-frequency laser range finder to measure the distance information of the target shape and get a lot of point cloud data. Mechanical scanning part includes high-speed rotary table, high-speed transit and related structure design, in order to realize the whole system should be carried out in accordance with the design of scanning path on the target three-dimensional laser scanning. Data processing part mainly by FPGA hardware with LAbVIEW software to design a core, to process the point cloud data collected by the laser range finder at the high-speed and fitting calculation of point cloud data, to establish a three-dimensional model of the target, so laser scanning imaging is realized.
A detection algorithm for small moving targets is proposed. The new algorithm firstly utilizes convolution filtering for
noise smoothing, and then a proposed preprocessing method based on the norm of the difference vectors of the processed
images sequence is applied to remove most of low-frequency background. Furthermore, optic flow technique is adopted
to segment the doubtful small moving targets from the subimage remained by preprocessing. Finally, the statistic
information for each of doubtful small moving targets is calculated. From the statistical feature, a determining criterion is
established to determine whether each of the doubtful small moving targets is a true target or not. Because the
preprocessing approach can get rid of most of the low-frequency background effectively, the calculation quantity of the
sequential processing by optic flow is decreased largely. The experiments in a designed test system prove that the
proposed detection algorithm can detect small moving targets in 30fps, 512x512 pixels, staring images sequence with
SNR no less than 3dB, and the correct detecting probability is up to 96%, which can satisfy the real time processing
requirements in practice.
A new type of collimated light tube (CLT) is mentioned in this paper. The analysis and structure of CLT are described detail. The reticle and discrimination board are replaced by a optical-electro graphics generator, or DLP-Digital Light Processor. DLP gives all kinds of graphics controlled by computer, the lighting surface lies on the focus of the CLT. The rays of light pass through the CLT, and the tested products, the image of aim is received by variant focus objective CCD camera, the image can be processed by computer, then, some basic optical parameters will be obtained, such as optical aberration, image slope, etc. At the same time, motorized translation stage carry the DLP moving to simulate the limited distance. The grating ruler records the displacement of the DLP. The key technique is optical-electro auto-focus, the best imaging quality can be gotten by moving 6-D motorized positioning stage. Some principal questions can be solved in this device, for example, the aim generating, the structure of receiving system and optical matching.
In this paper, a new method of optical scanning measurement was put forward, using the semiconductor laser and octagon prism. This method realized on-line non-touch measurement of the necking value and necking position in the process of material tensile testing by the assist of machine scanning. The principle and key technical of this measuring method had been introduced, and the main factor to the measurement accuracy was analysed too. It is shown by test that this method is more accurate, faster and simpler than ever before for giving out the capability of material by omnipotence tensile machine.
This paper studies testing technology of photoelectrical transmittivity, analyses the reason of error occurred in testing system, and find out the method for resolving it. It is high automation and accuracy than traditional methods. The system uses parallel light-pipe as lamp source, which is revised by correction filter, to obtain the white light of approaching visible spectrum trait. The white light is divided into two lights: reference light and measuring light. Reference light is coupled to modulator by optic fiber coupling device, modulator turns it into fixed frequency light and then it enters integral ball through ancillary lens. After measuring light passes by testing-piece, it is assembled to modulator by collector lens, modulator turns it into particular frequency light and then it enters integral ball through ancillary lens. The lights diffused reflection heaps of times in integral ball become the equality lights and are in proportion to flux of incidence. Electric eye converts light signal to electric signal. The electric signal contains two frequency signals, it is magnified by synchronous amplifier, and at last gains the electric signal in proportion to the light from pupil.
In the system of size measurement by laser scanning, the laser intensity is necessarily kept stability. But in practice, output intensity of laser is continuously attenuated as time passed, so that precision accuracy of detecting system becomes poor. The paper analyzes the effect of laser intensity changing on accuracy of size measurement by laser scanning, provides with the auto-measured circuit and the measuring methods of the output laser intensity, and the method of electrical compensation for intensity change. The method has been applied to the instrument of diameter measurement by laser scanning on line successfully, which is effective and feasible.
In this paper, a specialized instrument of measuring inclination and deflection is proposed, which is developed by adopting photoelectric detection technique combined with design technique of precision instrument. This instrument adopts one-dimensional position sensitive detector PSD as the sensor of position, using simple pendulum structure to measure the inclination between a surface being measured and the earth's core. the measuring principle, structural design of the instrument has been introduced. It makes emphasis on the application research of the position sensitive detector PSD based on photoelectric transform, the research of high-accuracy data acquisition and processing technique, the linearization calibration method of PSD, etc. The measurement result can be shown directly on liquid crystal display, at the same time, for being convenient to communicate with the computer, the instrument also can send measurement data by infrared transmission and the computer can gather the data by the same means. This clinometer is of simple structure, high response speed , high measuring accuracy, strong interference rejection ability , low consumption , high characteristic of performance-cost ratio.
The measuring way of verticality of elevator's guide way is studied in this paper and a measuring apparatus is made too. The apparatus regards the laser beam, emanating from the laser device, which can emit the perpendicular laser to the earth, as the measuring norm. The facula on the autodyne, which clings to the guide way during the measuring, is sampled to computer with a CCD camera and an image acquisition card. By computer image processing, the measuring apparatus can identify the displacement of the facula center. By this way it determines the verticality error of the guide way at the measuring position, which can be recorded automatically at the same time. For the facula after threshold segmentation, the apparatus can recognize it automatically. If it is circular, its center can be worked out by centroidal equation; if it is cirque, after edge detecting, its center can be figured out with Hough transform. For the Hough transform of circle, the dimension of its parameter space can be brought down from 3 to 2 with the derivative of the circle equation and thus its calculating quantity can be reduced greatly. The measuring way is proved by testing that it had improved more greatly and is more accurate, faster and simpler than ever before.
This paper introduces the principle of Shafting correction In heavy mechanical manufacturing industry, shipping industry and Nuclear industry, analyzes the effect of distribution of laser light beam spot energy to PSD measure precision. With experiment, we analyze the relation between the different distribution of laser light beam spot energy and PSD measure precision, discuss the method to compensate of shafting correction error caused by the distribution of laser light beam spot energy.
This paper puts forward a new method of optical non-contact measurement in the necking process of material tensile test. By the scanning of polygonal prism and the linear array CCD we can measure the whole dynamical process, which includes the change of the necking position and the necking quantity with the gradually applied load. The results prove that this method makes the mechanical property of material described more accurately and the use of material more optimization.
This paper puts forward a new method of optical real-time measurement in the necking process of material tensile test, including the change of the necking position and the necking value with the gradually applied load. Two dimension measurement is completed by the scanning of polygon mirror at the emitting end and the adoption of linear array TDI CCD components. The interference of stray light is restrained effectively because we use semiconductor laser as light source and optical filter at the receiving end. Furthermore, this paper deals with the correction method of non-uniform speed scanning beam at the receiving area, the factors effecting the ultimate measurement accuracy and the countermeasures.
This paper deals with anon-contact photoelectric detection principle on the position of electric transmission contact net in electrification railway. Both vertical distance and horizontal deviant of the electric transmission contact net is measured simultaneously by using planar array CCD components and adopting triangle indirect algorithm. We analyze systematically call kinds of factor effecting measurement accuracy and put forward a calibration method decreasing error, and we also introduce circuit principle and digit processing algorithm.
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