As a kind of distributed optical fiber sensor, Optical Frequency-Domain Reflectometry (OFDR) can realize high spatial resolution distributed strain/temperature measurement. A method of measuring Rayleigh backscatter spectrum shift by cross-correlation calculation is widely adopted in OFDR sensor system. The other approach is based on the phase shift induced by the strain/temperature variation. In this paper, we propose a digital demodulation method to achieve it. Firstly the output of the photon detector is Fourier transformed and the phase information is obtained. The cross-correlation method and phase demodulation method are compared based on the theoretical and numerical analysis. The result shows that the spatial resolution (SR) of strain/temperature sensing is decided by the sweep range of the tunable laser source, while this parameter is much larger in traditional scheme. However, better stability can be achieved in cross-correlation scheme for sharp varying strain/temperature.
KEYWORDS: Demodulation, Data acquisition, Reflectometry, Photodetectors, Linear filtering, Bragg cells, Data storage, Electronic filtering, Heterodyning, Digital filtering
We propose an electrical I/Q demodulation scheme to decrease the sampling rate and computational cost in coherent phase-sensitive Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry systems. The IF signal from the photon detector and the local-oscillator from the acoustic-optic modulator driver are splited into two parts, respectively. One of local-oscillators is 90°shifted, then the signals and LOs are cross-mixed and the outputs are low-pass filtered to obtain the I/Q signal. Besides of the save of computational cost, the sampling rate and data storage is reduced at least 1.6 times. At last, a quantitative measurement of a 50 Hz vibration is successfully demonstrated in the experiment.
Based on weak fluctuation theory, the expression of bit-error rate (BER) of Multiple Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (MQAM) with the consideration of detector noise in the downlink of space communication system is discussed in this paper. According to the expression, the performance of three typical modulation schemes, which are 4QAM, 16QAM, 64QAM, are specially analyzed. It is known that the higher the order of the modulation scheme is, the more bits of information per symbol can carry. However, when the transmission power is 1 W and the receiver diameter Dr is 1 m, the BER is 2.12×10-13 for 4QAM, 5.98×10-8 for 16QAM and 6.22×10-5 for 64QAM, which means that a higher order modulation scheme shows a higher bit-error rate (BER). Thus considering bandwidth efficiency as well as bit error rate, 16QAM is highly recommended in the real space optical communication system. In addition, the relationships between BER and optimum divergence angle, transmitter beam radius, receiving aperture for downlink are also suggested respectively in this paper, which has important reference significance for the design of the ground-to-satellite laser communication system.
Space optical communication technique is attracting increasingly more attention because it owns advantages such as high security and great communication quality compared with microwave communication. As the space optical communication develops, people have already achieved the communication at data rate of Gb/s currently. The next generation for space optical system have goal of the higher data rate of 40Gb/s. However, the traditional optical communication system cannot satisfy it when the data rate of system is at such high extent. This paper will introduce ground optical communication system of 40Gb/s data rate as to achieve the space optical communication at high data rate. Speaking of the data rate of 40Gb/s, we must apply waveguide modulator to modulate the optical signal and magnify this signal by laser amplifier. Moreover, the more sensitive avalanche photodiode (APD) will be as the detector to increase the communication quality. Based on communication system above, we analyze character of communication quality in downlink of space optical communication system when data rate is at the level of 40Gb/s. The bit error rate (BER) performance, an important factor to justify communication quality, versus some parameter ratios is discussed. From results, there exists optimum ratio of gain factor and divergence angle, which shows the best BER performance. We can also increase ratio of receiving diameter and divergence angle for better communication quality. These results can be helpful to comprehend the character of optical communication system at high data rate and contribute to the system design.
This paper designs and implies a high precision FBG demodulation system which based on F-P etalon. In order to
reduce the influence of the temperature drift effect, the peristaltic effect, and the nonlinear effect of F-P filter in
traditional tunable filter method, F-P etalon is added as dynamical calibration and wavelength reference. Meanwhile
segmentation demodulation which uses ASE spectral characteristics is applied to achieve high accuracy of the center
wavelength of FBG. The experiment shows that the stability, resolution are 0.65pm, 0.23pm, respectively.
Key words: fiber optics; fiber Bragg grating sensor system; tunable Fabry-Perot filter; F-P etalon; spectrum
segmentation demodulation
There have been a number of papers focusing on fiber distributed sensing with coherent Rayleigh backscattering
published. However, up to now, very limited research articles on investigation of coherent Rayleigh backscattering signal
waveform and its physical mechanism have been reported. This paper first proposes a theoretical derivation to illustrate
coherent Rayleigh backscattering waveform. The theoretical model is then proved with numerical simulation and
experimental measurement. In addition, signal processing method is an important factor on the performance of a phasesensitive
OTDR system. An improvement of signal processing method, which is consisted of digital average, moving
average and interval subtraction, with good effect on locating external perturbation is also introduced.
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