In the framework of the project ChArMEx (the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment, http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/), the variability of aerosol optical, microphysical and radiative properties is examined in three regional background sites on a southwest – northeast (SW–NE) straight line in the middle of the western Mediterranean Basin (WMB). The three sites are on the northward transport pathway of African dust: Ersa, Corsica Island, France (43.00ºN, 9.36ºW, 80 m a.s.l), Palma de Mallorca, Mallorca Island, Spain (39.55ºN, 2.62ºE, 10 m a.s.l) and Alborán, Alboran Island, Spain (35.94ºN, 3.04ºW, 15 m a.s.l). AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) sun-photometer products are mainly used. A preliminary analysis shows that at Ersa and Palma sites the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) has a similar trend with a peak around 0.2 in July. The winter/spring AOD is lower in Palma than in Ersa, while it is reverse in summer/autumn. The aerosol particle size distribution (and the coarse mode fraction) shows clearly the SW–NE gradient with a decreasing coarse mode peak (and a decreasing coarse mode fraction from 0.5 - 0.35 - 0.2 in July) along the axis Alborán - Palma de Mallorca - Ersa. In addition to the seasonal and annual variability analysis, the analysis of AERONET products is completed with a large variety of ground-based and sounding balloons remote sensing and in situ instruments during the Special Observation Period (SOP) of the ADRIMED campaign in June 2013. The second part of the presentation will focus on the comparison of the observations at Palma de Mallorca and Ersa of the same long-range transported airmasses. The observations include lidar vertical profiles, balloon borne OPC (Optical Particle Counter) and MSG/SEVIRI AOD, among others.
Air pollution is a major issue for global environment as well as human health and well-being. Recently, satellites
which are equipped with relevant air quality instruments have been placed into orbit. In this paper, we first
present a review on satellite remote sensing of particulate pollution. We then present new results for Europe and
on African cities particulate air pollutants using POLDER satellite data. Based on satellite AOD observations,
we show that the number of days exceeding the 15.4 μg/m3 threshold is twice frequent in Ouagadougou, Burkina-
Faso than in Paris, France. At the regional scale, we observe that the northern coast of the golf of Guinea is
dramatically impacted by poor air quality.
The aim of this project is to improve the characterization of radiative and microphysical properties of aerosols and clouds
in the atmosphere. These two atmospheric components and their interactions are among the main sources of uncertainty
in the numerical forecast of climate change. In this context, we have designed a new airborne polarimeter for measuring
directional, total and polarized radiances in the 440 to 2200 nm spectral range. This instrument is based on the POLDER
concept, instrument that is currently aboard the PARASOL microsatellite. This new sensor consists in two optical
systems for the visible to near infrared range (440 to 940 nm) and the shortwave infrared (940 to 2200 nm). Each optical
system is composed of a wide field-of-view optics (114° and 105° respectively) associated to two rotating wheels for
interferential filters and analysers respectively, and a 2D array of detectors. For each channel, the total and polarized
radiances are computed using the measurements performed with the three analysers shifted by an angle of 60°. Thanks to
the large field of view of the optics, any target is seen under several viewing angles during the aircraft motion. This type
of instrument has been designed for the retrieval of optical thickness and microphysical properties of aerosols as well as
for the determination of microphysical, macrophysical and radiative properties of clouds. In this paper, we will present
this new instrument design and some preliminary results recently obtained during the first field campaign in May 2008
over Europe.
Using two years measurements of aerosol extinction coefficient retrieval from CALIPSO as a joint NASA-CNES satellite mission along with ground-based measurements of particle
mass concentration (PM2.5), we assess particulate matter air quality over different urban and periurban areas in France.
In order to understanding the influence of the long range transport onto the local aerosol load we have focused on
analysing of pollution event in Lille - urban area and Dunkerque - industrial area. We compared ground- based
measurements with CALIPSO measurements. The CALIPSO level 2 aerosol records are more useful because the
extinction coefficient is available. We use the extinction coefficient profiles which are provided by CALIPSO to depict
the vertical structure of the aerosol properties. The combination of ground- based measurements of PM2.5, aerosol
optical thickness (AOT's) obtained by Aeronet network data and CALIOP data enhances
the possibilities of studying transport pathway of aerosol in the atmosphere and aerosol optical properties (aerosol
extinction coefficient, aerosol optical depth, atmosphere transparency). The linear relationship between AOT _CALIPSO
and AOT _ Aeronet network shows a slop of 0.4 in north of France. Moreover, we observed the good relationship
between PM2.5 and AOT by CALIPSO profiles with a slope of 57.59 and correlation coefficient of 0.75 over France.
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