During the outbreak of COVID-19, many cities adopted strict travel measures to quickly cut off the transmission chain. However, these measures hindered the development of the urban economy as time passed. In the face of the possible recurrence of the epidemic, how to develop reasonable operational measures to ensure commute trips and guarantee the normal operation of the urban economy has become an important issue facing the current transportation system. Therefore, this paper is based on the smart card data to explore the spatial-temporal characteristic changes of residents' commuting under the influence of the epidemic. Firstly, the temporal characteristics of each epidemic period are described from three dimensions. Then, travel hotspots are identified and the spatial distribution changes of them in each epidemic period are explored. Next, the correlation coefficient between hotspot metro stations and surrounding land use is calculated. Finally, the rules are summarized, and operational suggestions are proposed. This article analyzes the commuting characteristics of residents based on smart card data, which can provide data support for optimizing metro operation measures.
With the rapid development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a large number of coastal infrastructures such as subsea tunnels and cross-sea bridges have been constructed. Meanwhile, construction processes such as land reclamation, piling, and sinking pipe installation have a certain impact on the water environment. Traditional sampling methods have been applied in the water condition monitoring, however, Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) based technology have advantages in methods, efficiency, and scale. Thus, in this study, the construction processes of both Shenzhen Bay Bridge (SZB) and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) are surveyed by using spatial analysis, visualization, and other methods. Moreover, suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration of the surrounding water before, during, and after the construction have been monitored. A comparative analysis has been adopted to illustrate the impact of the bridge construction process on the water environment. This study can provide an essential basis by using RS and GIS technology for studying the impact of largescale coastal infrastructures on the surrounding water.
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