Aperture masking observations for binary stars have been done with a 1.56-m telescope at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory(SHAO) during 2019-2024. In order to ensure ample light available to restore the high resolution images even at short exposure times and reach the diffraction limit of the 1.56-m telescope, we select some binary stars and reference stars nearby with magnitude 5-8 and angular distance 0.2-4 arcsec in the WDS catalog as observation targets. This article achieved high-resolution restoration of binary stars using a hybrid data processing method, including data reduction, a spatial domain method named ISA or a frequency domain method named SI to suppress atmospheric turbulence, and OS-EM to reduce image degradation caused by multi-aperture interference. The results show that this method can effectively obtain high-resolution images of binary stars, and the measured angular distance is basically consistent with the given value in WDS catalog.
By placing a mask over the pupil of the optical telescope, the aperture masking technique transforms the telescope into a Fizeau interferometry telescope. Thanks to reasonable aperture configuration and baseline rotation techniques, it is possible to achieve almost the same imaging quality as a full aperture telescope. This technique has shown great potential in astrometry and astrophysics research, such as: exoplanet detection, protoplanetary disk, brown dwarf, etc. In order to verify the image restoration algorithm, we carried out binary stars observations on 1.56-m telescope. We presented the numerical simulation of aperture configuration and baseline rotation, and designed the mask and the experimental system. We select some binary stars with magnitude from 5 to 7 and angular distance from 0.2 to 2arcsec as observation targets. Combined with the short exposure observation, a two-step image restoration method is proposed, the results of high-resolution image reconstruction and angular distance measurement are verified. The above results will be applied to the first-generation Fizeau interferometry prototype at the Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO).
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