The International Day of Light is an annual UNESCO observance to raise global awareness of the importance of light science for sustainable development. We review here our experiences since 2018 and discuss future plans.
Active learning in optics and photonics (ALOP) is a program of the International Basic Sciences Program at UNESCO, in collaboration with the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) and supported by SPIE, which is designed to help teachers in the developing world attract and retain students in the physical sciences. Using optics and photonics, it naturally attracts the interest of students and can be implemented using relatively low cost technologies, so that it can be more easily reproduced locally. The active learning methodology is student-centered, meaning the teachers give up the role of lecturer in favor of guiding and facilitating a learning process in which students engage in hands-on activities and active peer-peer discussions, and is shown to effectively enhance basic conceptual understanding of physics.
We report on the modification of mechanical properties of breast cancer cells when they get in contact with other neighboring cells of the same type. Optical tweezers vertical indentation was employed to investigate cell mechanics in isolated and contact conditions, by setting up stiffness as a marker. Two human breast cancer cell lines with different aggressiveness [MCF-7 (luminal breast cancer) and MDA-MB-231 (basal-like breast cancer)] and one normal immortalized breast cell line HBL-100 (normal and myoepithelial) were selected. We found that neighboring cells significantly alter cell stiffness: MDA-MB-231 becomes stiffer when in contact, while HBL-100 and MCF-7 exhibit softer character. Cell stiffness was probed at three cellular subregions: central (above nucleus), intermediate (cytoplasm), and near the leading edge. In an isolated condition, all cells showed a significant regional variation in stiffness: higher at the center and fading toward the leading edge. However, the regional variation becomes statistically insignificant when the cells were in contact with other neighboring cells. The proposed approach will contribute to understand the intriguing temporal sequential alterations in cancer cells during interaction with their surrounding microenvironment.
Based on physics education goals adopted at the 2005 World Conference on Physics and Sustainable Development,
the workshop on "Active learning in optics and photonics (ALOP)" has been described as a model for teacher
training and professional development. This paper describes the basic philosophy and elements of the workshop and
how it has served physics teachers in schools and introductory college/university in the developing world. Its main
philosophy of fostering modern hands-on learning techniques-- adapted to local culture, needs and availability of
teaching resources-- is elaborated. The workshop provides the participants with a conceptual evaluation instrument,
drawn from relevant physics education research, giving teachers an important tool to measure student learning.
The UNESCO Active Learning in Optics and Photonics project is designed for the benefit of teachers of introductory university physics from developing countries. Initial implementation has taken place in two African nations, Ghana and Tunisia. The training curriculum includes student materials to teach topics in geometrical and physical optics in an active way with a high level of student involvement in the learning process. The curriculum makes use of simple, inexpensive materials. A conceptual learning assessment instrument is being developed as part of the project. Follow-up activities are planned. Experiences of the international group of workshop trainers are reported.
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