Mr. Justin K.A. Henry Profile

Justin K.A. Henry

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2023 Presentation + Paper

Design and processing of a self-mixing passive forward scatter radar fence for space debris tracking

Justin K. Henry, Ram Narayanan, Puneet Singla

Proceedings Volume 12546, 125460D (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2663481

KEYWORDS: Doppler effect, Receivers, Radar, Transmitters, Tunable filters, Simulations, Signal detection, Global Positioning System, Design and modelling, Target detection

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The goal of space domain awareness (SDA) is to maintain the safety of communication and navigational processes within the space environment. This includes the tracking of space debris targets which possess high enough velocities to destroy satellites and jeopardize the lives of astronauts. Current technologies tasked with space debris monitoring employ large, quasi-monostatic arrays using S-band probe signals. To reduce cost, alleviate spectrum congestion, and expediate deployment, this paper proposes a self-mixing passive radar technique applied to multiple targets and sensors for identifying the Doppler signature from received signals. It was found that the self-mixing technique can isolate the Doppler signal in the single target case, and the Doppler signals along with Doppler difference signals in the multi-target and multisensor cases. In addition, a discrete, integer relationship exists between the Doppler signature at different receivers and is shown to occur when one of the receivers loses Doppler resolution.

Proceedings Article | 3 June 2022 Paper

Mie region radar cross-section of high-speed and rotational space debris

Justin K. Henry, Ram Narayanan, Puneet Singla, Erik Blasch

Proceedings Volume 12121, 121210B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2622691

KEYWORDS: Radar, Scattering, Transmitters, Space operations, Satellites, Receivers, Mie scattering, Wave propagation, Systems modeling, Radio propagation

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Space domain awareness (SDA) has become increasingly important as industry and society seek further interest in occupying space for surveillance, communication, and environmental services. To maintain the safe launch and orbit placement of future satellites, there is a need to reliably track the positions and trajectories of discarded launch designs that are debris objects orbiting Earth. In particular, debris objects with sizes on the order of 20 cm or smaller travelling at high speeds maintain enough energy to pierce and permanently damage current functional satellites. The paper presents a theoretical analysis of modeling the radar returns of space debris as simulated signatures for comparison to real measurements. For radar modeling, when the incident radiation wavelength is comparable to the radius of the debris object, Mie scattering is dominant. Mie scattering describes situations where the radiation scatter propagates predominantly, i.e., contains the greatest power density, along the same direction as the incident wave. Mie scatter modeling is especially useful when tracking objects with forward scatter bistatic radar, as the transmitter, target, and receiver lie along the same geometrical trajectory. This paper provides a baseline method towards modeling space debris radar signatures or radar cross-sections (RCS) in relation to the velocity and rotational motions of space debris. The results show the impact of the debris radii varying from 20 cm down to 1 cm as from radiation of comparable wavelength. The resulting scattering nominal mathematical relationships determine how debris size and motion affects the radar signature. It is shown that RCS is proportional to linear size, and that the Doppler shift is predominantly influenced by translation motion.

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