Statistical iterative reconstruction in Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) uses prior knowledge to form different kinds of regularization terms. The total variation (TV) regularization has shown state-of-the-art performance in suppressing noises and preserving edges. However, it produces the well-known staircase effect. In this paper, a method that involves second-order differential operators was employed to avoid the staircase effect. The ability to avoid staircase effect lies in that higher-order derivatives can avoid over-sharpening the regions of smooth intensity transitions. Meanwhile, a fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm was used for the corresponding optimization problem. The proposed Hessian Schatten norm-based regularization keeps lots of favorable properties of TV, such as translation and scale invariant, with getting rid of the staircase effect that appears in TV-based reconstructions. The experiments demonstrated the outstanding ability of the proposed algorithm over TV method especially in suppressing the staircase effect.
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