Development of high power light-emitting diodes has brought new possibilities in many applications, especially in terms of flexible adjustment of light spectra. This feature is very useful in construction of many devices, for example for medical diagnosis – imaging of biological objects. In the paper we describe exemplary results of imaging of biological samples with the use of the tunable LED-based source. The source is composed of 13 high power light-emitting diodes (11 monochrome and 2 phosphor converted LEDs) covering visible region. The system allows to illuminate the object with quasi-monochromatic light (monochrome LEDs) as well as white light with the possibility of adjusting the color temperature in the range of 2700-6500K. To obtain object images miniature color camera was used which allowed us to test the operation of the source in a model of endoscope. Recorded images were processed in Matlab in order to analyze the RGB channels and test future possibility of automatic detection of selected areas of the tissue.
The best method to obtain uniform spectral characteristic for multi-emitter sources is to use integrating sphere as mixing element. In each point of exit window of such sphere the luminance and spectral characteristic are uniform. However price of integrating spheres are disadvantageous and the output power decreases dramatically with the increase their diameters. For this reason sometimes homogenizing rods are used when LEDs are used. In the paper we present the results of colorimetric characterization of low cost homogenizing rectangular-shaped rod applied in the tunable LEDbased source for endoscopic system. For each correlated color temperature (CCT) value we investigated changes of spectral power distribution (SPD) on the output surface of the homogenizing rod and variation of CCT while increasing the distance from the output of the rod. Results of these measurements enable efficient lighting of the working area and proper placement of optical fibers used to guide light to difficult-access objects.
Agriculture is one of the most important areas of the world economy. However, due to dependency on weather conditions, it is strongly industrialized, for example by introducing additional lighting improving the efficiency of plants growth. Construction and operation of light-emitting diodes provides new possibilities in research and application of new concepts in agricultural lighting. The aim of the work was to investigate the effect of various spectra of light on the efficiency of photosynthesis and the growth of selected species of plants. For this purpose two grow-boxes with dedicated LED-based lighting systems were constructed and placed in the darkroom with controlled temperature. In each box lighting system provided different spectral composition of light and it was possible to adjust the ratio of blue and red as well as the irradiance level. In the paper we present the construction of the grow-boxes and the results of 3 cycles of experiments conducted with this system. During the first cycle two groups of tested plants were cultivated in the LED grow-boxes with constant irradiance level and the third group in natural light conditions. During the second cycle the irradiance in both boxes was gradually increased from 8 W/m2 to 38 W/m2. During the third cycle the irradiance was set to 38 W/m2 during the whole period (max power MRED module) to get the maximum possible intensity of photosynthesis.
Development of light-emitting diodes has brought new possibilities in many applications, especially in terms of flexible adjustment of light spectra. This feature is very useful in construction of many devices, for example for medical diagnosis and treatment. It was proved, that in some cases LEDs can easily replace lasers during therapy of cancer without reduction of efficiency of this process. On the other hand during diagnosis process LED-based constructions can provide unique ability to adjust the color temperature of the output light while maintaining high color rendering. It allows for optimum surface contrast and enhanced tissue differentiation at the operator site.
In the paper we describe the construction of the tunable LED-based source designed for application in endoscopy. It was optimized from the point of view of the color rendition for 5 different correlated color temperatures (illuminant A, D55, D65, 3500K and 4500K) with the restriction of very high (>90) values of general and specific color rendering indexes (according to Ra method). The source is composed of 13 light-emitting diodes from visible region mounted on the common radiator and controlled by dedicated system. Spectra of the components are mixed and the spectra of output light is analyzed. On the basis of obtained spectra colorimetric parameters are calculated and compared with the results of theoretical analysis.
Semiconductor emitters are used in many areas of medicine, allowing for new methods of diagnosis, treatment and effective prevention of many diseases. The article presents selected areas of application of semiconductor sources in UVVIS- NIR range, where in recent years competition in semiconductor lasers and LEDs applications has been observed. Examples of applications of analyzed sources are indicated for LLLT, PDT and optical diagnostics using the procedure of color contrast. Selected results of LLLT research of the authors are presented that were obtained by means of the developed optoelectronic system for objectified irradiation and studies on the impact of low-energy laser and LED on lines of endothelial cells of umbilical vein. Usefulness of the spectrally tunable LED lighting system for diagnostic purposes is also demonstrated, also as an illuminator for surface applications - in procedure of variable color contrast of the illuminated object.
In the paper the authors present the developed optoelectronic set for measuring spectral reflectance of living human skin. The basic elements of the set are: the illuminator consists of the LED illuminator emitting a uniform distribution of spectral irradiance in the exposed field, the semispherical measuring chamber and the spectrometer which measures spectrum of reflected radiation. Measured radiation is from spectral range of tissue optical window (from 600 nm to 1000 nm). Knowledge about the reflectance spectrum of the patient skin allows adjusting spectral and energetic parameters of the radiation used in biostimulation treatment. The developed set also enables the repeatable exposures of patients in the Low Level Laser Therapy procedures.
Construction of endoscopes which are known for decades, in particular in small devices with the diameter of few millimetres, are based on the application of fibre optic imaging bundles or bundles of fibers in the illumination systems (usually with a halogen source). Cameras - CCD and CMOS – with the sensor size of less than 5 mm emerging commercially and high power LED solutions allow to design and construct modern endoscopes characterized by many innovative properties. These constructions offer higher resolution. They are also relatively cheaper especially in the context of the integration of the majority of the functions on a single chip. Mentioned features of the CMOS sensors reduce the cycle of introducing the newly developed instruments to the market. The paper includes a description of the concept of the endoscope with a miniature camera built on the basis of CMOS detector manufactured by Omni Vision. The set of LEDs located at the operator side works as the illuminating system. Fibre optic system and the lens of the camera are used in shaping the beam illuminating the observed tissue. Furthermore, to broaden the range of applications of the endoscope, the illuminator allows to control the spectral characteristics of emitted light. The paper presents the analysis of the basic parameters of the light-and-optical system of the endoscope. The possibility of adjusting the magnifications of the lens, the field of view of the camera and its spatial resolution is discussed. Special attention was drawn to the issues related to the selection of the light sources used for the illumination in terms of energy efficiency and the possibility of providing adjusting the colour of the emitted light in order to improve the quality of the image obtained by the camera.
In the paper is presented optoelectronic diagnostic set for standardization the biostimulation procedures performed on cell lines. The basic functional components of the therapeutic set are two digitally controlled illuminators. They are composed of the sets of semiconductor emitters – medium power laser diodes and high power LEDs emitting radiation in wide spectral range from 600 nm to 1000 nm. Emitters are coupled with applicator by fibre optic and optical systems that provides uniform irradiation of vessel with cell culture samples. Integrated spectrometer and optical power meter allow to control the energy and spectral parameters of electromagnetic radiation during the Low Level Light Therapy procedure. Dedicated power supplies and digital controlling system allow independent power of each emitter . It was developed active temperature stabilization system to thermal adjust spectral line of emitted radiation to more efficient association with absorption spectra of biological acceptors. Using the set to controlled irradiation and allowing to measure absorption spectrum of biological medium it is possible to carry out objective assessment the impact of the exposure parameters on the state cells subjected to Low Level Light Therapy. That procedure allows comparing the biological response of cell lines after irradiation with radiation of variable spectral and energetic parameters. Researches were carried out on vascular endothelial cell lines. Cells proliferations after irradiation of LEDs: 645 nm, 680 nm, 740 nm, 780 nm, 830 nm, 870 nm, 890 nm, 970 nm and lasers 650 nm and 830 nm were examined.
In the paper is described the concept and architecture of the multi-channel control system for set of high-power LEDs.
The broadband source of radiation for prototype illuminator is dedicated to the investigation of Low Level Laser
Therapy procedures. The general scheme of the system, detailed schemes, control algorithm and its implementation
description in FPGA structure is presented. The temperature conditions and the opportunity to work with a
microcomputer are characterized.
In this article authors present the developed optoelectronic set for controlled, repeatable exposure by electromagnetic radiation of biological structures in the spectral band of tissue transmission window 600-1000 nm. The set allows for an objective selection and control of exposure parameters and comparison of results for variable energetic, spectral and polarization parameters of radiation beam. Possibility of objective diagnostics of tissue state during laser treatment was provided in the presented optoelectronic set.
Precise knowledge of the spatial distributions of optical radiation in the biological medium is required in all cases
of medical laser procedures, but for the low-energy interactions influencing the course of photochemical processes
(biostimulation treatments) has not yet been precisely controlled. The variety of procedures and results of the trials will
mobilize to look for unequivocal parameters of laser radiation, which both in vitro and in vivo will result in acceleration
of cell proliferation and the expected therapeutic efficacy. There is a need to conduct objective diagnostic tests of tissues
during treatment using a laser measuring system analyzing the status of the tissue (its optical properties) during
therapeutic exposition. It is necessary to build an illuminator providing homogeneous distribution of spectral power
density and spatial power density on the surface of the test. An illumination set is composed of a collection
of over a dozen diodes LED emitting in therapeutic window of biological tissue (range 600-1000 nm). In this paper are
presented the optical couplers enable the implementation of this purpose - conical coupler and MM planar fiber.
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