The scope of utilizing soft materials is expanding further in recent years because of the flexibility and the good biocompatibility. In this presentation, laser direct writing of microstructures that exhibits optical and/or electrical properties in and on soft materials by means of photoreduction and graphitization will be described. The fabrication of metal microstructures by multi-photon photoreduction within PEGDA and pNIPAM hydrogels will be reviewed in addition to recent results on applications toward soft actuators. Femtosecond laser direct writing of highly crystalline graphene from native PDMS as well as cellulose nanofiber films, a sustainable biomass, and its application for a highly sensitive piezoresistive sensor will also be presented.
We demonstrated the fabrication of gold microstructures inside a PEG-based hydrogel with different charged fluorophores by multi-photon photoreduction. By adding an anionic charged FITC-dextran or a cationic charged Rhodamine110 to the metal ion solution, line width of the fabricated gold microstructures increased compared to that of the structures fabricated in fluorophore-free hydrogel. The photobleaching could enhanced the reduction of gold ions accompanying the oxidation of the fluorophores. Notably, the inhibition of reduction of gold ions at a site other than the focal point was observed with FITC-dextran, which may be attributable to the coordination of gold ions to FITC-dextran.
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