KEYWORDS: Visualization, Visual process modeling, Data modeling, Climatology, Visual analytics, Knowledge discovery, Data analysis, Human-machine interfaces, Information visualization, Machine learning
Interactive visual representations complement traditional statistical and machine learning techniques for data analysis, allowing users to play a more active role in a knowledge discovery process and making the whole process more understandable. Though visual representations are applicable to several stages of the knowledge discovery process, a common use of visualization is in the initial stages to explore and organize a sometimes unknown and complex data set. In this context, the integrated and coordinated-that is, user actions should be capable of affecting multiple visualizations when desired-use of multiple graphical representations allows data to be observed from several perspectives and offers richer information than isolated representations. In this paper we propose an underlying model for an extensible and adaptable environment that allows independently developed visualization components to be gradually integrated into a user configured knowledge discovery application. Because a major requirement when using multiple visual techniques is the ability to link amongst them, so that user actions executed on a representation propagate to others if desired, the model also allows runtime configuration of coordinated user actions over different visual representations. We illustrate how this environment is being used to assist data exploration and organization in a climate classification problem.
A novel mathematical framework for topological triangle characterization in 2D meshes is the basis of a system for object detection from images. The system relies on a set of topological operators and their supporting topological data structure to guarantee a precise control of topological changes introduced as a result of inserting and removing triangles from mesh models. The approach enables object models to be created directly from the images without a previous segmentation step. Automatic approaches for modeling objects from images are scarce partly because the process of creating the models typically involves a costly (and generally user-driven) segmentation step to obtain the necessary geometrical information. This issue is critical, for example, in procedures such as surgical planning and physiological studies, or in the simulation of elastic deformation and fluid flow. Our approach is a first step towards automatic mesh generation from images, which may represent a significant progress to a range of applications that handle geometric models. The approach is used to extract robust models from medical images, in order to illustrate how the aggregation of topological information can empower a simple thresholding technique for object detection, making up for the lack of geometrical information in the images.
We propose the development of a functional system for diagnosing and measuring ocular refractive errors in the human eye (astigmatism, hypermetropia and myopia) by automatically analyzing images of the human ocular globe acquired with the Hartmann-Schack (HS) technique. HS images are to be input into a system capable of recognizing the presence of a refractive error and outputting a measure of such an error. The system should pre-process and image supplied by the acquisition technique and then use artificial neural networks combined with fuzzy logic to extract the necessary information and output an automated diagnosis of the refractive errors that may be present in the ocular globe under exam.
In this work we describe the framework of a functional system for processing and analyzing images of the human eye acquired by the Hartmann-Shack technique (HS), in order to extract information to formulate a diagnosis of eye refractive errors (astigmatism, hypermetropia and myopia). The analysis is to be carried out using an Artificial Intelligence system based on Neural Nets, Fuzzy Logic and Classifier Combination. The major goal is to establish the basis of a new technology to effectively measure ocular refractive errors that is based on methods alternative those adopted in current patented systems. Moreover, analysis of images acquired with the Hartmann-Shack technique may enable the extraction of additional information on the health of an eye under exam from the same image used to detect refraction errors.
KEYWORDS: Visualization, Human-machine interfaces, Visual process modeling, Visual analytics, Prototyping, Data modeling, Data analysis, Internet, Java, Computing systems
A number of different resources and a body of new technology has been empowering visualization applications. At the same time, supportive and mostly experimental techniques aimed at increasing the representation power and interpretability of complex data, such as sonification, are beginning to establish a foundation that can be used in real applications. This work presents an architecture and a corresponding prototype implementation of a visualization system that incorporates some of these research and technological aspects, such as visualization on the web, distributed visualization, and sonification. The current development of the prototype is presented, as well as its implications and planned improvements.
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