The unique properties of Rydberg atom-based sensors allow for intriguing applications. For example, Rydberg atom receivers allow for the detection and receiving of time-varying fields and communication signals without an antenna and front-end electronics.
The use of Rydberg atoms for radio frequency electric field sensing has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional antenna-based designs that enables all-optical readout. However, the need for atomic vapor cells comprised of dielectric materials can adversely affect the electric field distribution at the probing volume. Here we describe the effects of electric field inhomogeneity on measured optical electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra. This is accomplished using custom-designed waveguide-embedded atomic vapor cells with stub tuners that allow control of the degree of electric field inhomogeneity within the cell. We describe the resulting broadening of the measured EIT feature and the associated reduction in magnitude, which results in an overall reduced sensitivity of the resulting measurement.
Atom-based radio-frequency (RF) electric field probes have the potential to improve electric field measurements for a broad range of frequencies (from a few GHz to 100s of GHz) and field strengths (mV/m to kV/m). For these probes to become a common measurement method, their range must be extended to high frequency (>100 GHz) and low field strength regimes. We present SI-traceable electric field measurements of RF fields above 100 GHz, using Autler-Townes splitting of Rydberg electromagnetically-induced transparency in a rubidium (Rb) vapor. We also demonstrate several techniques, including RF detuning from resonance and enhanced absorption, for increasing the probe sensitivity.
We investigate the conditions necessary for bright squeezed light generation through second harmonic generation inside a crystalline whispering-gallery mode resonator. We show that the variance of a coherent mode can be reduced by a factor of 9 due to low loss through a nonlinear medium. This results in a one-step process that can generate effcient bright squeeze light at a desired wavelength.
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