OASYS Technology has an ongoing program to design and fabricate high-energy laser
detonation devices for Los Alamos National Laboratories. The purpose of this program is
to demonstrate the feasibility of detonating high explosive (HE) by focusing the energy
from a fiber-coupled, high energy laser onto a metallized window surface. A high
explosive package integrated with the metallized window keeps the high explosive
material isolated from the ambient environment until activated by the vaporization of the
window metal film by the laser. The package constraints for these designs require a right
angle turn that must be achieved by reflection, since the minimum bend radius of the
fiber is substantially larger than the desired package size. Four optical designs were
proposed and fabricated to compare survival and detonation efficiency. This paper will
discuss the design requirements, fabricated designs, test methods and results, and conclusions.
Data from multiple spectral wavebands can significantly increase the information available to the observer. Of particular utility is combination of images into a single multi-spectral image. When such images are combined properly, the resulting image can be an extremely powerful tool, sometimes offering more information than the imagery from either waveband individually.
Substantial care must be taken in the combination of these images, however, since mis-registration of the two images can cause significant confusion and image degradation when combined into a single image. Mis-registration from sources such as relative lateral or rotational shift, differences in image size, and differences in distortion can cause significant degradation in the combined image. Special care must be taken in both the optical and mechanical design to minimize these effects and to maximize the utility of multi-spectral image fusion.
Unlike visible optics, infrared optics and optical systems pose some unique challenges. From the materials typically used for IR systems to cold stops to thermal behavior, many differences exist for the designer, manufacturer, and user of IR components and systems. Even testing IR systems can be an issue, since the eye is not sensitive to these wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. This paper will attempt an overview of some of the unique issues associated with infrared systems and is not intended as a complete reference for infrared optical systems. The sited references contain substantial additional information on these and other subjects related to optical and infrared systems.
A cooperative effort between the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Nova Research, Inc., the Raytheon Infrared Operations (RIO) and Optics 1, Inc. has successfully produced a miniature infrared camera system that offers significant real-time signal and image processing capabilities by virtue of its modular design. This paper will present an operational overview of the system as well as results from initial testing of the 'Modular Infrared Imaging Applications Development System' (MIRIADS) configured as a missile early-warning detection system. The MIRIADS device can operate virtually any infrared focal plane array (FPA) that currently exists. Programmable on-board logic applies user-defined processing functions to the real-time digital image data for a variety of functions. Daughterboards may be plugged onto the system to expand the digital and analog processing capabilities of the system. A unique full hemispherical infrared fisheye optical system designed and produced by Optics 1, Inc. is utilized by the MIRIADS in a missile warning application to demonstrate the flexibility of the overall system to be applied to a variety of current and future AFRL missions.
Optics 1, Inc. has successfully designed and developed a 180 degree(s) field of view long wave infrared lens for USAF/AFRL under SBIR phase I and II funded projects in support of the multi-national Programmable Integrated Ordinance Suite (PIOS) program. In this paper, a procedure is presented on how to evaluate image degradation caused by asymmetric aerodynamic dome heating. In addition, a thermal gradient model is proposed to evaluate degradation caused by axial temperature gradient throughout the entire PIOS lens. Finally, a ghost reflection analysis is demonstrated with non-sequential model.
Infrared dynamic scene simulation using resistive arrays and projection optics is becoming increasingly common for FLIR's and missile seekers that have narrow to moderate fields of view. This simulation capability enables an imaging system to be tested under a wide variety of simulated scenarios while mitigating some of the cost and complexity of field-testing. OPTICS 1, Inc. has completed a Phase I SBIR and is currently conducting Phase II activities to design, fabricate and test an infrared scene projector for wide-angle infrared imaging systems. Specifically, a need was identified to develop dynamic scene simulation capability for extremely wide-angle infrared imagers such as that under development by OPTICS 1 for contract FO8630-98-C-0022 in support of the Programmable Integrated Ordinance Suite (PIOS) program. This sensor images a full hemispheric field of view in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) waveband and therefore presents extreme challenges for scene projection. A paper under the same title was submitted and presented in 1999 defining the progress reached under the Phase I program. This paper describes progress under the Phase II program which will culminate in hardware delivered to the KHILS facility at Eglin AFB, FL in the fall of 2000. A brief overview of the units to be tested is included in Section 2 and a similar overview of the projector layout and nominal performance is contained in Section 3. The majority of this publication discusses the analyses conducted for the projector assembly and specific issues that were address both from the analyses and in the specification of several components. This information is included in Section 4. The design consists of a scene projection channel and a solar simulation channel. The scene channel is designed to use a resistive array and contains a 2X zoom relay assembly to accept array formats between 1.0 and 2.0 inches. The solar simulation channel uses a tunable laser diode to simulate the sun in the field of view (FOV). This channel utilizes orthogonal mirrors driven by galvanometer motors to simulate apparent movement of the sun in the FOV due to missile body motions. The two channels are combined at a dichroic beamsplitter and utilize the final collimating subassembly together.
Infrared dynamic scene simulation using projection optics is becoming increasingly common for FLIR's and missile seekers that have narrow to moderate fields of view. This simulation capability enables an imaging system to be tested under a wide variety of simulated scenarios while mitigating some of the cost and complexity of field-testing. OPTICS 1, Inc. has completed a Phase I SBIR and has started Phase II activities to design, fabricate and test an infrared scene projector for wide-angle infrared imaging systems. Specifically, a need was identified to develop dynamic scene simulation capability for extremely wide-angle infrared imagers such as that under development by OPTICS 1 for contract F08630-98-C- 0022 in support of the Programmable Integrated Ordinance Suite program. This sensor images a full hemispheric field of view and therefore presents extreme challenges for scene projection.
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