Mr. Nader Kuhenuri Chami Profile

Nader Kuhenuri Chami

Student at Technische Univ München

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Publications (4)

Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Fiber optical sensing on-board communication satellites

A. Hurni, N. M. K. Lemke, M. Roner, J. Obermaier, P. Putzer, N. Kuhenuri Chami

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105631B (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304166

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber optics sensors, Fiber optics, Fiber Bragg gratings, Satellites, Analog electronics, Fiber optic communications, Multiplexers, Temperature metrology, Semiconductor lasers

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Striving constantly to reduce mass, AIT effort and overall cost of the classical point-to-point wired temperature sensor harness on-board telecommunication satellites, OHB System (formerly Kayser-Threde) has introduced the Hybrid Sensor Bus (HSB) system. As a future spacecraft platform element, HSB relies on electrical remote sensor units as well as fiber-optical sensors, both of which can serially be connected in a bus architecture. HSB is a modular measurement system with many applications, also thanks to the opportunities posed by the digital I²C bus. The emphasis, however, is on the introduction of fiber optics and especially fiber-Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors as disruptive innovation for the company’s satellite platforms.

The light weight FBG sensors are directly inscribed in mechanically robust and radiation tolerant fibers, reducing the need for optical fiber connectors and splices to a minimum. Wherever an FBG sensor shall be used, the fiber is glued together with a corresponding temperature transducer to the satellites structure or to a subsystem. The transducer is necessary to provide decoupling of mechanical stress, but simultaneously ensure a high thermal conductivity.

HSB has been developed in the frame of an ESA-ARTES program with European and German co-funding and will be verified as flight demonstrator on-board the German Heinrich Hertz satellite (H2Sat). In this paper the Engineering Model development of HSB is presented and a Fiber-optical Sensor Multiplexer for a more flexible sensor bus architecture is introduced. The HSB system aims at telecommunication satellite platforms with an operational life time beyond 15 years in geostationary orbit. It claims a high compatibility in terms of performance and interfaces with existing platforms while it was designed with future applications with increased radiation exposure already in mind.

In its basic configuration HSB consists of four modules which are the Power Supply Unit, the HSB Controller Module, the Interrogator Controller Module and the Analog Front-End for the fiber-optical interrogation. The Interrogator Controller Module handles both, the electrical and fiber-optical sensor network. For the latter it is to be completed by the Analog Front-End. On this front-end, a tunable laser diode is implemented for the scanning of the FBG sensors. The reflected spectra are measured on multiple fiber channels and are then evaluated by use of a peak detection algorithm in order to obtain a precise temperature measurement. The precise operation of the photonic system on long terms can be guaranteed thanks to an inorbit calibration concept.

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Proceedings Article | 17 November 2017 Open Access

Selection of fiber-optical components for temperature measurement for satellite applications

P. Putzer, N. Kuhenuri Chami, A. Koch, A. Hurni, M. Roner, J. Obermaier, N. M. Lemke

Proceedings Volume 10563, 105631C (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2304276

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Fiber Bragg gratings, Temperature metrology, Transducers, Aluminum, Satellites, Optical fibers, Fiber optics sensors, Fiber optics, Astronomical imaging

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The Hybrid Sensor Bus (HSB) is a modular system for housekeeping measurements for space applications. The focus here is the fiber-optical module and the used fiber-Bragg gratings (FBGs) for temperature measurements at up to 100 measuring points. The fiber-optial module uses a tunable diode laser to scan through the wavelength spectrum and a passive optical network for reading back the reflections from the FBG sensors. The sensors are based on FBGs which show a temperature dependent shift in wavelength, allowing a high accuracy of measurement.

The temperature at each sensor is derivated from the sensors Bragg wavelength shift by evaluating the measured spectrum with an FBG peak detection algorithm and by computing the corresponding temperature difference with regard to the calibration value. It is crucial to eliminate unwanted influence on the measurement accuracy through FBG wavelength shifts caused by other reasons than the temperature change. The paper presents gamma radiation test results up to 25 Mrad for standard UV-written FBGs in a bare fiber and in a mechanically housed version. This high total ionizing dose (TID) load comes from a possible location of the fiber outside the satellite's housing, like e.g. on the panels or directly embedded into the satellites structure. Due to the high shift in wavelength of the standard written gratings also the femto-second infrared (fs- IR) writing technique is investigated in more detail.

Special focus is given to the deployed fibers for the external sensor network. These fibers have to be mechanically robust and the radiation induced attenuation must be low in order not to influence the system's performance. For this reason different fiber types have been considered and tested to high dose gamma radiation. Dedicated tests proved the absence of enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS). Once the fiber has been finally selected, the fs-IR grating will be written to these fibers and the FBGs will be tested in order to investigate the radiation induced wavelength shift.

The FBGs react on temperature and strain change, so a decoupling of both physical effects must be assured to allow a precise measurement over large temperature ranges and corresponding potential mechanical stress, passed from the structure to the sensor. This potential source of error is addressed with the design of a strain-decoupled temperature transducer to which the FBGs are glued. The design of the transducer and measurement results of a bending test are provided within this paper.

An outlook of the usage of fiber-optical sensing in space applications will be given. One promising field of application are the so called photonically-wired spacecraft panels, where optical fibers with integrated FBGs are being integrated in panels for temperature measurements and high-speed data transfer at the same time.

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2017 Paper

Design, implementation, and characterization of an FBG-emulator for a scanning laser-based fiber-optic interrogator

Nader Kuhenuri, Youlin Gao, Alexander Koch

Proceedings Volume 10208, 102080T (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2263091

KEYWORDS: Calibration, Reflectivity, Birefringence, Signal attenuation, Temperature metrology, Fiber Bragg gratings, Fiber optics sensors, Sensors, Fiber optics, Polarization

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Proceedings Article | 18 June 2014 Paper

Concept and design of an FBG emulator for a scanning laser-based fiber optic interrogator

Nader Kuhenuri, Philipp Putzer, Alexander Koch, Johannes Obermaier, Sebastian Schweyer, Andreas Hurni

Proceedings Volume 9098, 90980D (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2049949

KEYWORDS: Fiber Bragg gratings, Sensors, Signal attenuation, Polarization, Calibration, Fiber optics sensors, Fiber optics, Actuators, Photodiodes, Microelectromechanical systems

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