Polymeric materials based on polystyrene (PS) are one of the most common polygraph materials. It is necessary to differentiate between of optical homogeneity of the polycrystalline structure of PS. We aim to demonstrate the use of a polarization interference method to allow quick and easy practical differentiation between PS samples with different types of deformations. Polycrystalline optically homogeneous and mechanically stressed samples of PS were investigated. We map the local contrast of interference patterns in microscopic images of образцов PS using a set-up polarizing interferometer, based on the superposition of a reference laser beam with the interference pattern of the sample in the image plane. The local contrast distributions can be directly related to the polycrystalline structure of образцов PS. The dependences of the magnitude of the 1st to 4th order statistical moments of the local contrast polarization-interference distribution are determined. To determine the diagnostic potential of the method две groups of polycrystalline образцов PS were formed. The first group contained 16 optically homogeneous PS samples, while the second contained 16 PS samples with residual mechanical stresses.
A collection of layered maps of the depolarisation due to diffuse layers of polyvinyl acetate are produced using a polarization-holographic Mueller matrix method approach. The topography of maps of the diffuse layers of polyvinyl acetate relates to the scattering multiplicity within the volume and the specific of polycrystalline structure. The overall depolarisation map is a convolution of the effects of these two factors. Through statistical analysis, the dependences of the magnitudes of the first to fourth order statistical moments are determined. These moments characterise the changing distributions of the depolarisation values through the volume of diffuse layers of polyvinyl acetate with different concentration. Dehydrated polyvinyl acetate layers depolarisation maps are characterised by larger average and dispersion, and less skewness and kurtosis, compared to the distributions for the diffuse "dehydrated" layers of polyvinyl acetate. This work demonstrates that a polarization-holographic Mueller matrix method can be applied to the assessment of the 3D morphology of diffuse layers of polyvinyl acetate, with applications in diagnosis – differentiation of the degree of adhesion.
The article presents the results of determining the possibilities of the polarization-singular approach to improve the efficiency of Mueller-matrix polarimetry in the differential diagnosis of polycrystalline structure of optically transparent polycarbonate layers. The relationship between the characteristic values of the elements of the Mueller matrix and polarization-singular L - states of microscopic images of polycrystalline structure of optically transparent polycarbonate layers was determined. A technique for the experimental determination of the distributions of the characteristic values of Mueller-matrix images has been developed and tested. Statistical criteria for express differential diagnosis of polycrystalline structure of optically transparent polycarbonate layers with different mechanical stresses were determined.
The purpose of the work was to demonstrate the possibility of optical diagnosis in the consideration of sexually transmitted infections in the development of inflammatory processes of the cervix using spectral and polarization methods. Comparison of cervical specimens with and without coilocytosis, irradiated with a range-shifted polarized radiation, showed significant differences in the values of linear dichroism and its spectral dependences. The difference between the coilocyte response characteristic in the range 400-420 nm was calculated using computer programs. As a result, the use of spectropolarization studies and the fluorescence method will improve the accuracy of patient selection for a costly procedure - high-carcinogenic DNA diagnostics of HPV by the standard method of polymerase chain reaction.
The aim of this work is to improve the diagnosis of cervical cancer by introducing laser polarimetry and spectro polarization methods of investigation. We have proposed a novel approach for the differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma using laser optics. Obtained by the method of laser polarimetry by Stokes parameter S4 of native smear with adenocarcinoma of the cervix and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as scraping of the mud canal with endometrial adenocarcinoma and flat cell cancer allows to reliably differentiate the norm from cancer in the native smear and adenocarcinoma from the flat cell cancer in the smear-imprint. The method of spectropolarimetry allows reliably accurately distinguishing the normal epithelium of the cervix from cancer of the cervix, and the parameters of linear dichroism during the spectropolarization study, reliably (р=0,001) differentiate between normal, adenocarcinoma and flat cell cancer of the cervix.
The aim of this work is to improve the diagnosis of cervical cancer by introducing laser polarimetry and spectropolarization methods of investigation. We have proposed a novel approach for the differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma using laser optics. Obtained by the method of laser polarimetry by Stokes parameter S4 of native smear with adenocarcinoma of the cervix and squamous cell carcinoma, as well as scraping of the mud canal with endometrial adenocarcinoma and flat cell cancer allows to reliably differentiate the norm from cancer in the native smear and adenocarcinoma from the flat cell cancer in the smear-imprint. The method of spectropolarimetry allows reliably accurately distinguishing the normal epithelium of the cervix from cancer of the cervix, and the parameters of linear dichroism during the spectropolarization study, reliably (р=0,001) differentiate between normal, adenocarcinoma and flat cell cancer of the cervix.
The purpose of the work was to demonstrate the possibility of optical diagnosis of cytological smears of the cervix for the presence of HPV using spectral and polarization methods. Comparison of cervical specimens with and without coilocytosis, irradiated with a range-shifted polarized radiation, showed significant differences in the values of linear dichroism and its spectral dependences. The difference between the coilocyte response characteristic in the range 395-415 nm was calculated using computer programs. As a result, the use of spectropolarization studies and the fluorescence method will improve the accuracy of patient selection for a costly procedure - high-carcinogenic DNA diagnostics of HPV by the standard method of polymerase chain reaction.
The purpose of the work was to demonstrate the possibility of optical diagnosis of cytological smears of the cervix for the presence of HPV using spectral and polarization methods. Comparison of cervical specimens with and without coilocytosis, irradiated with a range-shifted polarized radiation, showed significant differences in the values of linear dichroism and its spectral dependences. The difference between the coilocyte response characteristic in the range 395-415 nm was calculated using computer programs. As a result, the use of spectropolarization studies and the fluorescence method will improve the accuracy of patient selection for a costly procedure - high-carcinogenic DNA diagnostics of HPV by the standard method of polymerase chain reaction.
Beam colouring effects traversing a different light-scattering medium based on liquid crystals experimental investigations are presented. It was first time shown that the result of the beam colouring at the medium output depends on the singly forward scattered partial signals phase delays magnitudes. Colouring effects spectral investigation has been carried out using both nematic liquid crystals with carbon nanotubes and the solution of liquid crystal in a polymer matrix which was previously investigated. The non-scattered and the singly forward scattered interfering components amplitude ratio significantly affects the colour intensity in both samples. It has further been established that the spectral content of the illuminating beam strongly influences the colour of the resulting radiation. The colouring effect significant increase has been achieved due to the injection of carbon nanotubes, as well as the sensitivity of the liquid crystal to the control electric field has increased.
The purpose of the study was to determine the histochemical and laser criteria for diagnosis of background, precancerous and endometrial cancer by the state of the cervical canal wall. The given data on the state of connective tissue in the endocervix can distinguish three differential prognostic possibilities: 1) prediction of the condition of the connective tissue of the endocervix of the normal endometrium without the possibility of differentiating the phases of the ovarian cycle; 2) prediction of the endocervix endotracheal connective tissue state of the endometrium as a separate process; 3) prediction for the condition of the connective tissue of the endocervix of the processes of expressed proliferation of the typical (glandular hyperplasia and glandular polyps) or atypical (adenocarcinoma) glandular first endometrial epithelial differentiation without the possibility of these processes among them. The stroke-scrape of the epithelium of the cervical canal (endocervix) allows the condition of the connective tissue to diagnose the processes of pronounced proliferation of the typical (hyperplasia, polyp) and atypical (adenocarcinoma) epithelium of the endometrium without the possibility of differentiating these processes among themselves.
The difficulties of creation of the unconventional polarization states of the vector beams lead to the search of the alternative formation methods. Both the generation of beams with unconventional polarization states (complex Hermite– Gaussian and Gaussian beams) and the study of the model situation which is realized by the interaction of two orthogonally complete or partially coherent linearly polarized waves or circularly polarized waves in the incidence plane are analyzed in this research. A new parameter – the visibility modulation depth – which allows assessing and analyzing the coherent properties of the mentioned fields is introduced here as well. It is shown that distribution of polarization states, which is formed in the analyzed situation, can be used in applied methods of polarization holography to record three-dimensional images, including amplitude, phase and polarization information.
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