The remote sensing complex for monitoring the atmospheric surface layer includes a temperature and wind profilers, a radiometer for the total vapor content and a weather station. The complex provides continuous measurement of vertical profiles of air temperature, wind speed and direction at heights up to 1000 m with a vertical resolution of 10 to 100 m and a measurement period of 10 minutes. Surface parameters – air temperature and humidity, pressure, type and intensity of precipitation – are also recorded. The complex is designed for studying processes in the surface layer, the formation and forecasting of dangerous phenomena.
Total vapor content of the atmosphere is a primary factor in diagnosing thermal conditions and determining areas of possible aircraft icing. This study for the period from October 1, 2018 to March 31, 2020, is based the AV-6 electronic weather logs and crew weather reports (PIREP). The paper considers the ranges of the total vapor content Q and total vapor content during icing Qi for the seasons most favorable for the icing occurance. Icing is observed at values of the total vapor content Qi from 0.3 to 1.5 g/cm2.
The spatial and temporal variability of convective instability in the south of Western Siberia during the summer months of 1990–2019 was analyzed using Total Totals index values computed from ERA5 (ECMWF) data. For a 30-year period and specific decades, the spatial variability of the mean Total Totals values calculated for high atmospheric instability (by values above the 75th percentile) has been estimated. Centers with maximum values of the Total Totals index were localized for the 6, 9, and 12 UTC that approximately correspond to the beginning, maximum, and end of active convection under intra-mass conditions. The intra-decadal variability of the atmospheric convective potential was evaluated based on the Total Totals index over Western Siberia. Under changing climate conditions, the areas with the greatest changes in convective potential were identified.
The article presents a forecast of dangerous convective phenomena using one of the indices of instability (Total Totals index). The index values were calculated by Semi-Lagrangian Absolute Vorticity Numerical weather prediction (SL-AV NWP) model for the south of Western Siberia on 13 July 2014. The simulation result was compared with the Total Totals index values retrieved from product MOD07_L2 of spectroradiometer MODIS (the space platform "Terra"). Synoptic conditions and dangerous weather phenomena weather report for the selected date are also given in this study.
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