In 2014, electron beams with energy up to 4.3 GeV were obtained using 9 cm-long capillary discharge plasma waveguides and laser pulses with peak power 310 TW [1]. Although the laser power available was 1 PW, at that time it was not possible to increase the electron beam energy further since effective laser-guiding of the 60 micron focal spot at lower density was not possible. Usually the capillary radius would be reduced to increase the plasma channel depth and achieve matched guiding of the laser, but for PW laser pulses significant capillary damage would typically occur. The concept of inverse bremsstrahlung heating inside a capillary waveguide was proposed to address this problem [2]. Results will be shown on the optimization of heating and laser-guiding, which has allowed for guiding of laser pulses with PW peak power and 60 micron radius over tens of centimeters, and the generation of electron beams with energy up to 8GeV.
The work was supported by the Office of Science, US DOE under Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231 and the NSF. [1] W. P. Leemans et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 245002 (2014). [2] N.A. Bobrova et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 020703 (2013).
Capillary discharges are widely used in many experiments devoted to laser-plasma interaction as a simple tool to create plasma with required parameters. One of the application of these experiments is laser-plasma accelerators (LPA) of charged particles. Such LPAs are able to accelerate electrons bunch to more that a GeV on the centimeters distances [1].
Essential part of these experiments is capillary discharge. It is used to create plasma waveguide in order to channel an accelerating laser pulse. The long (several decimetres) and thin (several microns) capillary is needed to achieve maximum acceleration but its fabrication is laborious and unreasonably expensive for the LPA experiments. Also capillary can be damaged by electric current pulse that is used to create plasma waveguide.
Additional heating of the plasma channel by a nanosecond laser pulse is used in order to avoid these limitations [2]. Propagation of a heater laser through the plasma waveguide deepens it further in the vicinity of the capillary axis. Recent experiments show positive effect of such heating on the final acceleration of the electrons. This leads to a problem of choosing optimal parameters to achieve maximal acceleration.
Consistent numerical modeling of plasmadynamics and laser pulse propagation in plasma channel is required to maintenance and optimise the future experiments. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code MARPLE [3] previously used for discharge simulations [3-5] was improved by taken into account additional heating due to laser radiation. Results of simulations that were done for the BELLA experimental facility will be presented at the conference.
The work was supported in part by the Competitiveness Program of MEPhI No.02.A03.21.0005, basic research program of the Project 3-OMN RAS, U.S. DOE under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231, EU Reg.Dev.Fund Ns.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15 008/0000162 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_003/0000449 and by the MoEYaS of the Czech Republic No.LQ1606.
[1] W.Leemans et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 245002 (2014)
[2] N.Bobrova et al. Phys. Plasmas 20, 020703 (2013)
[3] G.Bagdasarov et al. Phys. Plasmas 24, 053111 (2017)
[4] G.Bagdasarov et al. Phys. Plasmas 24, 083109 (2017)
[5] G.Bagdasarov et al. Phys. Plasmas 24, 123120 (2017)
For several decades the capillary discharges have been under intensive investigations due to various promising applications, e.g. for the laser electron accelerators as well as for the X-ray lasers [1,2]. A major portion of the experiments were done with circular cross-section capillaries. An appropriate theoretical and numerical study of circular capillaries can be greatly simplified to a 1D model [3] assuming rotational and axial symmetries of the plasma flow in a long thin channel. On the other hand, studying capillaries with non-circular cross-section [4], which have been attracting substantially less attention, requires more complicated 2D models. Such capillaries, for example, square one, possess several advantages related to their fabrication as well as for plasma diagnostics
The aim of our work is to compare the plasma density and temperature distributions formed at the quasistationary stage of the discharge. We present the results of MHD simulations of hydrogen-filled capillary discharges with circular and rectangular cross-sections under almost the same conditions characterizing the initial configurations and the external electric circuit. The simulation parameters are choosen to correspond to the capillary discharge based waveguide for the laser wakefield accelerator [5].
Bibliography
[1] Leemans W. P. et al 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 245002
[2] Benware B. R. et al 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5804
[3] Bobrova N. A. et al 2001 Phys. Rev. E 65 016407
[4] Gonsalves A. J. et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 025002
[5] Esarey E. et al 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1229
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