The lowest achievable blocking temperature limits magnetic ordering in highly frustrated thermally active artificial kagome spin ice. By exploiting the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, we can lower the blocking temperature of individual nanomagnets without strongly affecting their magnetic moments, thus leaving the critical transition temperatures unchanged. Using this approach, we demonstrate that a seven-ring kagome structure consisting of 30 nanomagnets can be thermally annealed into its ground state. Furthermore, the spin-ice correlations extracted from extended kagome lattices are found to exhibit the quantitative signatures of long-range charge-order, thereby giving experimental evidence for the theoretically predicted continuous transition to a charge-ordered state.
Surfaces and interfaces of complex oxides materials provide a rich playground for the exploration of novel magnetic properties not found in the bulk but also the development of functional interfaces to be incorporated into applications. We have recently been able to demonstrate a new type of hybrid spin filter/ magnetic tunnel junction. Our hybrid spin-filter/magnetic-tunnel junction devices are epitaxial oxide junctions of La0:7Sr0:3MnO3 and Fe3O4 electrodes with magnetic NiMn2O4 barrier layers. Depending on whether the barrier is in a paramagnetic or ferromagnetic state, the junction exhibits magnetic tunnel junction behavior where the spin polarized conduction is dominated by the electrode-barrier interface or spin filter behavior where conduction is dominated by barrier layer magnetism.
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