In recent years, rubber plantations in Indonesia have been attacked by the Pestalotiopsis sp. leaf fall disease, which has caused a significant leaf fall that then creates a decline in latex production. Remote sensing data can be used to monitor the health of rubber plants. Sentinel-1 imagery is used to overcome cloud cover constraints in optical imagery at the Rubber Plantation. This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution and monthly rubber plant health trends using the radar vegetation indexes in Sembawa Rubber Plantation, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Furthermore this study compares the performance of two radar vegetation Index namely the RVI (Radar Vegetation Index) and NDRVI (Normalize Different Radar Vegetation Index) algorithms. The results of this study indicate that the vegetation index indicates the health of the rubber plant based on the leaf fall cycle due to Pestalotiopsis sp. within 5 months. A low index value indicates leaf fall, and a high value indicates regrowth.
The interaction between humans and the environment is the object of research on spatial dynamics modeling. The relationship between population growth, land demand, and land availability was modeled to analyze the environment's carrying capacity. In spatial dynamics modeling studies, models were made to predict future land availability based on the system dynamics model of land demand and population growth. The model was then analyzed with regional socioeconomic and environmental factors. The novelty of spatial dynamic modeling studies comes from the uniqueness of regional factors. No significant novelty was found in the fundamental model assumption. Therefore, this research tries to find the opportunity for novelty in the spatial dynamic modeling study. Six research publications were reviewed using 6 variables on the comparative study method. The result of this study suggests that similar research on spatial dynamics modeling should use 60-70% of environmental carrying capacity for standard in the system dynamics model. This method was proven to delay the growth of the built-up area. Moreover, the model assumptions on spatial dynamics modeling research can be further developed in 3-dimensional spatial studies. The land availability dynamics model also can be further developed based on land suitability dynamics maps.
Paddy is a strategic commodity in Indonesia. Paddy crop divided into hundreds of varieties with diverse characteristics. Therefore, information about the characteristics of each rice variety is needed. Also, several studies on the spectral characteristics of rice varieties have been carried out. These studies applied the vegetation indices approach to plant canopies. The aim of this study is detecting the spectral characteristics of rice varieties based on vegetation indices. Several vegetation indices, derived from Red, Green, Blue (RGB) bands, namely Excess Green Vegetation Index (ExG), Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI). Paddy field image derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) was carried out to analyzed three rice varieties namely Ciherang, IR 64, and IR 42. The result showed that three rice varieties in Bekasi Regency have diverse spectral characteristics. It evident from the spectral minimum-maximum value of each variety, especially using the NGRDI. Ciherang has the highest spectral value (at the beginning of growth) and IR 42 has the highest spectral value (at the middle and end of growth).
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