We have characterized the supercontinuum generation along a tapered silica optical fiber using a highly-sensitive distributed measurement technique. Based on a confocal Raman micro-spectrometer, this method involves far-field point-by-point Rayleigh scattering analysis along the waveguide, providing micrometer spatial resolution and high spectral resolution. This non-destructive and non-invasive technique enables the observation of each step of supercontinuum generation along the fiber taper.
Layer transfer technique of epitaxial (00l) oriented rutile TiO2 films sputtered on sapphire substrates using epitaxial ZnO sacrificial layer was developed. It was demonstrated that obtaining an epitaxial structure for rutile layer transfer can be challenging, due to required control of variety of parameters – surface roughness, growth rate, deposition temperature, interface stresses and lattice matching. It was shown that ZnO, directly grown on M-sapphire substrates, promotes polycrystalline rutile growth. Therefore, 50 nm thick (00l) rutile seed layer with controlled surface roughness grown on M-sapphire substrate was needed to promote the epitaxial (101" 3) ZnO growth, which then allowed to obtain epitaxial (00l) rutile layer suitable for the layer transfer process. The examined structural quality, evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, showed that the transferred rutile films exhibit promising properties for photonic applications.
Blooming of algae and more generally phytoplankton in water ponds or marine environments can lead to hyper eutrophication and lethal consequences on other organisms. The selective recognition of invading species is investigated by automatic recognition algorithms of optical and fluorescence imaging. On one hand, morphological characteristics of algae of microscopic imaging are treated. The image processing lead to the identification the genus of aquatic organisms and compared to a morphologic data base. On the other hand, fluorescence images allow an automatic recognition based on multispectral data that identify locally the ratio of different photosynthetic pigments and gives a unique finger print of algae. It is shown that the combination of both methods are useful in the recognition of aquatic organisms.
Epitaxial LiNbO3 thin films were deposited on C-sapphire substrates by pulsed injection metal organic chemical vapor deposition and atmospheric pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The effect of deposition conditions, such as the ratio of Li/Nb precursors in solution and the deposition pressure, on the phase composition, Li nonstoichiometry, texture, epitaxial quality, residual stresses and formation of twins in LiNbO3 films was studied by means of X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the deposition pressure played an important role in the incorporation of Li2O in the film and the formation of in-plane and out-of-plane twins.
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