Ground based Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (GBInSAR) can set the right baseline according to the monitoring area, which is more freedom and convenient maneuverability and has been used on deformation monitoring of buildings, Bridges, etc. However, in the process of GBInSAR monitoring, atmospheric disturbances is a key factor affected the accuracy of the monitoring. According to the statistical characteristics in monitoring area images, the paper selected the Permanent Scatters (PS) points, established Delaunay triangulation and acquired the atmospheric correction of GBInSAR monitoring data for by linear interpolation. As the same time, the paper used the fixed point method to calculate the atmospheric disturbance. Then, the paper compared the both methods’ corrected results with high precision vertical data. The results showed that the PS method was better than the fixed point method. The PS method can better correct the atmospheric disturbances elements in the GBInSAR monitoring sequence, which provided reference value for further popularization and application of GBInSAR.
Ground-based synthetic aperture radar (GBSAR) is a powerful tool used in monitoring structures such as bridges and dams. However, despite the extremely short range of GBSAR interferometry, the atmospheric effects cannot be neglected. The permanent scatterer (PS) technique is an effective operational tool that utilizes a long series of SAR data and detects information with high accuracy. An algorithm based on the PS technique is developed in accordance with the phase model used in GBSAR interferometry. Atmospheric correction is carried out on a real campaign (Geheyan Dam, China). The atmospheric effects created using this method, which utilizes SAR data, can be effectively reduced compared to when plumb line data are used.
KEYWORDS: 3D modeling, Clouds, 3D scanning, Optimization (mathematics), 3D acquisition, Data processing, Laser processing, Data acquisition, Data modeling, Laser applications
The appearance of 3D laser scanning technology has provided a new method for the acquisition of spatial 3D information. It has been widely used in the field of Surveying and Mapping Engineering with the characteristics of automatic and high precision. 3D laser scanning data processing process mainly includes the external laser data acquisition, the internal industry laser data splicing, the late 3D modeling and data integration system. For the point cloud modeling, domestic and foreign researchers have done a lot of research. Surface reconstruction technology mainly include the point shape, the triangle model, the triangle Bezier surface model, the rectangular surface model and so on, and the neural network and the Alfa shape are also used in the curved surface reconstruction. But in these methods, it is often focused on single surface fitting, automatic or manual block fitting, which ignores the model's integrity. It leads to a serious problems in the model after stitching, that is, the surfaces fitting separately is often not satisfied with the well-known geometric constraints, such as parallel, vertical, a fixed angle, or a fixed distance. However, the research on the special modeling theory such as the dimension constraint and the position constraint is not used widely. One of the traditional modeling methods adding geometric constraints is a method combing the penalty function method and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (L-M algorithm), whose stability is pretty good. But in the research process, it is found that the method is greatly influenced by the initial value.
In this paper, we propose an improved method of point cloud model taking into account the geometric constraint. We first apply robust least-squares to enhance the initial value’s accuracy, and then use penalty function method to transform constrained optimization problems into unconstrained optimization problems, and finally solve the problems using the L-M algorithm. The experimental results show that the internal accuracy is improved, and it is shown that the improved method for point clouds modeling proposed by this paper outperforms the traditional point clouds modeling methods.
Precise topographical information has a very important role in geology, hydrology, natural resources survey and deformation monitoring. The extracting DEM technology based on synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) obtains the three-dimensional elevation of the target area through the phase information of the radar image data. The technology has large-scale, high-precision, all-weather features. By changing track in the location of the ground radar system up and down, it can form spatial baseline. Then we can achieve the DEM of the target area by acquiring image data from different angles. Three-dimensional laser scanning technology can quickly, efficiently and accurately obtain DEM of target area, which can verify the accuracy of DEM extracted by GBInSAR. But research on GBInSAR in extracting DEM of the target area is a little. For lack of theory and lower accuracy problems in extracting DEM based on GBInSAR now, this article conducted research and analysis on its principle deeply. The article extracted the DEM of the target area, combined with GBInSAR data. Then it compared the DEM obtained by GBInSAR with the DEM obtained by three-dimensional laser scan data and made statistical analysis and normal distribution test. The results showed the DEM obtained by GBInSAR was broadly consistent with the DEM obtained by three-dimensional laser scanning. And its accuracy is high. The difference of both DEM approximately obeys normal distribution. It indicated that extracting the DEM of target area based on GBInSAR is feasible and provided the foundation for the promotion and application of GBInSAR.
KEYWORDS: 3D scanning, Laser scanners, Radar, Clouds, Synthetic aperture radar, 3D modeling, Data integration, Spatial resolution, Reflectors, Analytical research
Only the displacement along the radar line of sight can be got in Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar (GBSAR). In order to extract high-precision three-dimensional displacement field of research area, in this article, we research deeply the method which integrates both three-dimensional laser scanning and GBSAR techniques. It is proved that high precision three-dimensional displacement field information can be extracted with this method through analyzing case and assessing the accuracy of three-dimensional displacement field. The method has a good practical value.
Ground-Based Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (GBInSAR) has generated movement with sub-millimeter accuracy in line-of-sight(LOS) direction, and it can provide movement images with high spatial and temporal resolution. Though the fluctuation of atmospheric environment affects interferometric phases strongly, GBInSAR can be used for deformation measurement after removing the interference phase and transforming the displacement from LOS direction to radial and tangential. This paper provides a comparison of different atmospheric disturbance correction techniques. We made an experiment of deformation measurement about Geheyan Dam on Qingjiang to estimate the movement caused by atmosphere. In the experiment, displacement information of the dam was obtained by IBIS-L system and atmospheric parameters (humidity, temperature and barometric pressure) were collected from the weather station located on the dam. The collection process lasted for several days. By processing and analysis the data of a whole day without equipment malfunction, the results show an atmospheric delay of 15mm when the system located 1000m away from the target dam and atmospheric correction should be reinforced somehow for most Ground-Based InSAR applications. Then three correction algorithms are presented in order to weaken the influence from atmospheric disturbance. The techniques respectively based on the atmospheric parameters, Ground Control Points(GCP) and distribution model are quantitively compared using a reference dataset gotten by inverted perpendicular lines. And the accuracy of each method are finally drawn. It could be seen that the atmospheric disturbance be weaken by the three methods with reliable results and error of the technique based on distribution model was less than 2mm with the highest reliability. This analysis is followed by a discussion of the advantages and the limitations of each technique.
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