X-ray propagation-based phase contrast imaging (XPCI) relies on the coherence of the X-ray beam to achieve contrast from phase shift by letting the beam propagate in free space, hence yielding a Fresnel or Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. This contrast regime arises in high resolution imaging, where it is used for tomography in a wide range of applications. The exploitation of such images requires a phase retrieval step, which has proven sensitive to noise in low spatial frequencies. It is thought that incoherent scattering in the sample might contribute to this noise. Therefore, several approaches to combine phase contrast and incoherent scattering have recently been proposed. To this aim, we propose a new way to simulate phase contrast based on the Wigner Distribution Function (WDF). In this framework, the exit wave of the sample is calculated through ray-tracing, which would allow accounting for effects including refraction and reflection. The interference is then calculated in the exit plane using the WDF, instead of in the detector plane, as is the case using classical methods. Images can then be simulated photon by photon, by first simulating incoherent scattering in the sample using a Monte Carlo particle transport code, followed by diffraction by probability sampling of the WDF. As a first demonstration of the framework, we simulate the double-slit experiment, as well as a variant with a scatterer in one of the slits. Since the double-slit has an analytical solution for the WDF, both in its standard form and with different amplitudes in each slit, this enables us to bypass the most challenging numerical difficulties for this initial demonstration.
We propose a consistency-based material decomposition algorithm. The method is free from any calibration procedure. The inverse spectral mixing model is approximated by a polynomial whose indeterminates are the raw-data values and whose coefficients are estimated by minimizing a consistency-based cost function. The consistency is in both the material sinograms and their mono-energetic combination. A small a priori on the object is incorporated in the minimization problem as a constraint. The method was evaluated on dual-energy simulations of a numerical phantom made of water and bone.
We describe a new procedure for three-dimensional (3D) region-of-interest (ROI) reconstruction from transversely-truncated cone-beam projections acquired with a circular source trajectory. This method is an extension to 3D of the virtual fan-beam (VFB) method. It is based on a VFB formula that performs the backprojection in the acquisition geometry. Our simulation results show that the ROI reconstruction of the 3D Shepp-Logan phantom is very similar to the one obtained by the Feldkamp, Davis, Kress (FDK) algorithm without truncation. However the reconstruction of the Forbild head phantom shows artefacts which are absent from the FDK truncation-free reconstruction.
A robotic cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scanner has inherent advantages. In particular, it enables source and detector trajectories capable of extending the field-of-view (FOV) of the reconstructed CT images, where the FOV is defined as the region in the source trajectory plane for which all ray lines are acquired (at any position and direction in this plane). Previous extensions of the FOV used an offset detector or a displaced center of rotation and a single full 360° scan. However, due to limitations in the conventional range of motion inside the treatment room to avoid collisions, some systems can only perform short scans. This paper investigates a new approach to FOV extension for an existing system by adapting the FOV extension to two complementary short scans with displaced centers of rotation. We validate this approach on numerical simulations of the Forbild thorax phantom.
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