Since a wide variety of microscopic living forms in contact with medical implant in human body are known to be sensitive and reactive to the surface topography, it is of active interest to optimize the implant surface of for desired integration. Ultrafast laser is a powerful tool for modifying the surface of medical implants, at the micro- /nano-scale, for either improving or limiting living tissues adhesion ability. Laser processing and living microorganisms’ response to laser texturing are discussed. Bacteria reduction and human cells adhesion at implant surfaces are reviewed in connection with ultrafast laser induced surface micro- / nanostructures.
In this presentation, we will show the latest advances in the context of the European H2020 Horizon project LaserImplant. Functionalized surfaces by ultrashort laser texturing were developed with the aim of improving the biocompatibility and efficiency of medical screws. Both osteoblast cell repellent surfaces as well as surfaces promoting osteogenesis were studied and characterized by bone cells’ growth and wettability tests.
Beam delivery strategies were anticipated for future industrial requirements. Compromises had to be found to implement different textures in one unique solution. Targeted processing times as well as quality robustness were at stake for complex cylindrical shapes with multiple dimensions. Upscaling experiments put in evidence thermal effects due to energy deposition acceleration. Solutions were finally found to overcome speed limitations by selecting dedicated optical systems together with adapted synchronized processes.
In dentistry, implantation failures of dental implants are primarily due to a poor osteointegration, and complications induced by peri-implantitis. For that reason, a strong bacteria resistance, a fast osseointegration, and a good adhesion of the gingival tissues to the implant surface are essential for a successful implantation, comfort and safety of the patient in question. We showcase that a fine-tuning of ultrafast laser-induced surface structures would improve the implantation successful rate by rendering dental implant surfaces with triple-functionality: repellent for saliva bacteria for the upper part of the dental implant (which is exposed to mouth water, attractive to gingival fibroblasts for the middle part of the dental implant (which interfaces with gum tissue) to prevent bacteria penetration, and fast osseointegration for the lower part of the dental implant which is located in the jaw bone environment.
Titanium based dental implant suffer sometimes from failure due to lack of osseointegration in the jaw bone. In this work, we study the generation of Laser Induced Periodic Structures (LIPSS) using three different femtosecond lasers with wavelengths of 1030,515 & 257nm. Fully covered Titanium alloy (Ti6AlV) samples with different LIPSS periodicities are produced and wettability tests are performed prior and post sterilization of the samples. Finally, a comparison between the effect of different LIPSS on the cell adhesion is performed using mesenchymal stem cells to identify the best pattern for enhanced cell adhesion.
Medical implants are frequently used to replace damaged organs, structures and tissues in human body. It is essential to ensure a perfect implantation hence paramount to optimize surface topography of the implants for desired integration. For dental implants, this implies reducing bacteria settlement near the prosthesis and increasing roughness to improve implant-bone interaction and thus osseointegration. For other types of implants like bone fracture fixtures and cardiac pacemakers, reduced infection and adhesion (scar tissue) are highly desirable. Ultrafast laser is a powerful tool for modifying medical implant surfaces, at the micro- and/or nano-scale, towards improving or limiting their cell adhesions.
Biological complications related to bacterial engraftment on rough titanium are an issue in design of new functionalized implants. By fine-tuning femtosecond lasers (FSL) parameters, we aim to design multiscale (micro- + nano-scale) textured surfaces maintaining osteo-integration with unique antibacterial properties.
Titanium samples (Ti6-Al4V) are irradiated at 1030-515-257 nm wavelengths to produce various types of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS). We revealed that LIPSS periodicity and morphology (linear or radial) are determinant for anti-bacterial properties. Preliminary results on multiscale surfaces reveal that cell adhesion of bone stem cells is maintained. FSL appears then as an innovative tool to produce dual-functionalized surfaces.
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