The National Institute of Standards and Technology is developing an optical filter standard for calibration of the wavelength axis of near infrared (NIR) transmission spectrometers. A design goal for the initial candidate Standard Reference Material (cSRM) filter was to provide absorbance peaks evenly covering the spectral region between 800 nm to 1600 mm (12,000 cm-1 to 6,500 cm-1). The reproducibility of the peak location, for batch-certified filters, was to be better than 0.02 nm (approximately 0.1 cm-1). Glasses with 1 to 3 mole % Yb2O3, Sm2O3, and Nd2O3, incorporated into a commercial lanthanum oxide glass were evaluated for this proposed optical standard. An initial batch of cSRM 2035 filters was prepared based on studies of glasses made and evaluated in our laboratory. An interlaboratory comparison study was initiated in February 1997 to evaluate the utility of these filters for the chemical, pharmaceutical, instrumentation, and regulatory communities. Information concerning peak-picking algorithms, wavelength coverage, geometry preferences, and other parameters was solicited from the users. Based upon input from the participants of this interlaboratory study, we are making several changes to make SRM 2035 more useful to our customers. Two of these changes are: (1) incorporating Ho2O3 into the glass to introduce an absorbance peak at approximately 2000 nm (approximately 5000 cm-1) and (2) providing users with a standard center of gravity (COG) peak-picking algorithm to locate the absorbance peaks of the SRM filter precisely. Recent results have demonstrated that the COG method provides a 10 fold improvement in the precision of locating peaks compared with traditional peak-picking methods.
Planar waveguides fabricated from triphenylmethane cyanide dyes doped into polymer films, Ag+ diffusion, and GaFChromicTM dosimetry media are evaluated as sensors for real-time radiation monitoring. Filtered 100 keV x rays are used as a model source to compare the attenuation response of these waveguide sensors to ionizing radiation. Preliminary results indicate that all three waveguides demonstrate an increase in sensitivity over conventional dosimetry films using UV-VIS photometric detection. The fabrication, characterization, and response of each sensor are discussed.
Monoclonal antibodies were covalently bonded to the surfaces of planar waveguides to confer immunoreacth''ity. Silver-ion diffused waveguides were used to measure theophylline concentrations in a fluorescence immunoassay and silicon nitride waveguides were used to detect theophylline in an absorbance-based immunoassay. Liposomes were employed in both assays as the optically detectable label in a competitive reaction to monitor antigen-antibody complexation. Regeneration of the active antibody site will be discussed.
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