White light-emitting diodes that use down-converting phosphors have been utilized in the illumination industry for
several years. In many cases, little information needs to be known about the physics and performance of the phosphor
itself to design, optimize, and simulate the light emission of the LED for the purpose of creating secondary optics.
However, the importance of accurately accounting for the effect of the phosphor cannot be overstated when designing
the LED package or when performing a tolerance analysis, for instance. The difficulties in gathering or measuring the
relevant performance metrics of the phosphors are significant barriers to achieving accurate predictions in illumination
software packages.
This paper describes a simple, repeatable process to measure several phosphor performance metrics that are used, in
turn, to create a model of the same phosphor in a commercially-available illumination software package. The measured
values are used either as direct inputs or are used to derive the proper inputs for the software. Derivations and discussion
about the software model are included. The performance of the simulated phosphor will then be compared and
correlated to the physical measurements. Finally, a model of an LED that uses this phosphor model is built in software
and its simulated performance is compared to measured values.
The ability to accurately model the performance of faceted reflectors using software can significantly reduce reliance on prototypes and reduce design costs. This paper discusses the use of software to design and analyze these common reflectors. Simulation results from lamps in reflectors are presented as well as simulation results from selected portions of the faceted reflectors to illustrate the important design principles.
Precision plastic optical systems frequently depart from traditional design geometries and often include integrated optical and mechanical features. Light can often propagate through the plastic "mechanical" features as easily as through the optical surfaces. This paper discusses modeling and analysis techniques that have been used successfully to quantitatively evaluate energy collection and stray radiation performance in several unusual plastic optical systems. Examples will include a fluid flow sensor and an injection molded plastic triplet imaging system.
As illumination systems geometries become more complex, and specifications on them more stringent, physical prototyping is becoming more costly. Having the ability to accurately model illumination systems using software can significantly reduce the number of prototypes. Software also allows the user to quickly experiment with different designs which couldn't otherwise be modeled using prototypes. This paper discusses how one would use LightTools, a new 3-D interactive CAD modeling software package which can solve many illumination problems. Examples of illumination systems will be presented showing quantitative illuminance and intensity output.
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