A method for rapid reconstruction of optical properties, such as the absorption and scattering coefficients of the thin
layered tissue from diffuse reflection, is introduced. As the diffusion-approximation-based approaches are not applicable
in the case of small source-detector separation, Monte-Carlo (MC) method is chosen as the forward model to simulate
the photon migration in the transport regime. A flexible and fast perturbation model of diffuse reflectance has been
developed for the extraction of the information of photon migration in tissue from MC model. With the derived photon
migration information, the inverse problem for obtaining the optical properties was solved by a Gauss-Newton nonlinear
least-squares algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method is valid for a wide range of optical properties
and the related measurement can be simple and adaptable. Experimental demonstration was performed on a set of liquid
phantoms in a wide range of absorption coefficients and reduced scattering coefficients and with CW measurements in
different optode separations. The results show that, with the developed method, the optical properties calculated from the
experimental data deviate form the "true value" by no more than 10%.
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