Prof. Torbjørn Skauli Profile

Prof. Torbjørn Skauli

Professor at FFI and Univ of Oslo

SPIE Involvement:

Conference Program Committee | Author

Publications (34)

SPIE Journal Paper | 31 October 2024 Open Access

Performance comparison of COTS-based hyperspectral imagers using detailed point spread function measurements

Gard Momrak Selnesaunet, Marie Bøe Henriksen, Torbjørn Skauli

JARS, Vol. 18, Issue 04, 047503, (October 2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JRS.18.047503

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Hyperspectral imaging, Distortion, Spatial resolution, Point spread functions, Commercial off the shelf technology, Imaging systems, Standards development, Lenses, Ocean optics

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Proceedings Article | 23 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Criterion for quantifying the amount of spatial and spectral information acquired by hyperspectral cameras

Andrei Fridman, Torbjørn Skauli, Philippe Déliot, John Gilchrist, Trond Løke

Proceedings Volume 12737, 127370U (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2689031

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Hyperspectral imaging, Sensors, Standards development, Data acquisition, Point spread functions, Crosstalk, Signal to noise ratio, Data storage, Spectral response, Optical resolution

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Proceedings Article | 20 October 2023 Presentation + Paper

Imaging the point spread function of hyperspectral cameras: the full truth about coregistration error and resolution

Gard Selnesaunet, Marie Henriksen, Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 12688, 1268804 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677604

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Point spread functions, Tunable filters, Image restoration, Collimators, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Standards development, Signal to noise ratio

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Proceedings Article | 14 June 2023 Presentation

The upcoming P4001 standard for hyperspectral imaging

Torbjørn Skauli, Christopher Durell, John Gilchrist

Proceedings Volume PC12519, PC1251902 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2668724

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Proceedings Article | 30 September 2022 Presentation + Paper

Compact multimodal multispectral sensor system for tactical reconnaissance

Trym Haavardsholm, Thomas Opsahl, Torbjørn Skauli, Annette Stahl

Proceedings Volume 12235, 122350B (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2632701

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Optical filters, Sensors, Image sensors, Image processing, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Reconnaissance, Visualization, 3D modeling, Spectral imaging cameras, Multispectral imaging, Vision-based navigation

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Proceedings Article | 6 June 2022 Presentation + Paper

Development of test methods for hyperspectral cameras characterization in the P4001 standards development

Emmet Ientilucci, David Conran, Raymond Soffer, David Perry, Torbjorn Skauli, John Gilchrist, Christopher Durell

Proceedings Volume PC12094, PC1209402 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623490

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Stray light, Standards development, Calibration, Mirrors, Data modeling, Sensors, Optical spheres, Optical filters, Lamps

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Specification of hyperspectral camera performance: status of the IEEE P4001 standard development

Torbjørn Skauli, John Gilchrist, Christopher Durell

Proceedings Volume 12094, 1209403 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623489

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Hyperspectral imaging, Standards development, Stray light, Image sensors, Spectrometers, Reflectivity, Spectroscopy, Interference (communication), Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Metadata definitions for a set of notional use cases in the IEEE P4001 standard for hyperspectral imaging

Jan Makowski, Barbara Eckstein, Chris Durell, John Gilchrist, Torbjorn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 12094, 1209404 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623491

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Standards development, Signal processing, Sensors, Data modeling, Image processing, Data processing, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 31 May 2022 Presentation + Paper

Developing the IEEE P4001 standard for characterisation and calibration of hyperspectral imaging devices

John Gilchrist, Torbjorn Skauli, Christopher Durell

Proceedings Volume 12094, 1209402 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623487

KEYWORDS: Standards development, Cameras, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems, Stray light, Point spread functions, Sensors, Remote sensing, Tunable filters, Spectroscopy

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Proceedings Article | 30 May 2022 Presentation

Choice of terminology in the P4001 standard for hyperspectral imaging

John Gilchrist, Robert Arlen, Torbjorn Skauli, Christopher Durell, Oliver Weatherbee

Proceedings Volume PC12094, PC1209403 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2623494

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 13 April 2021 Presentation

IEEE P4001: progress update towards an international standard for push-broom hyper-spectral imagers

John Gilchrist, Christopher Durell, Torbjorn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 11727, 117270C (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588466

KEYWORDS: Standards development, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Diagnostics

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Proceedings Article | 12 April 2021 Presentation + Paper

Characterizing the dynamic range of a hyperspectral camera

Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 11727, 117270D (2021) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2588305

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Standards development, Signal detection, Sensors, Remote sensing, Photodetectors, Lamps, Interference (communication), Image sensors, Halogens

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Proceedings Article | 24 April 2020 Presentation + Paper

Specifying radiometric performance of hyperspectral and conventional cameras: a minimal set of independent characteristics

Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 11392, 113920B (2020) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2559670

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Signal to noise ratio, Signal detection, Electrons, Performance modeling, Hyperspectral imaging, Calibration, Radiometry, Spectrometers

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Proceedings Article | 14 May 2019 Presentation + Paper

Simplified measurement of point spread functions of hyperspectral cameras for assessment of spatial coregistration

Torbjørn Skauli, Hans Erling Torkildsen

Proceedings Volume 10986, 109860E (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2520219

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Cameras, Image sensors, Tomography, Hyperspectral imaging, Error analysis, Imaging spectroscopy, Calibration, Integrating spheres, Sensors

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SPIE Journal Paper | 5 July 2018 Open Access

Combined range ambiguity resolution and noise reduction in lidar signal processing

Gunnar Arisholm, Torbjørn Skauli, Stig Landrø

OE, Vol. 57, Issue 07, 073103, (July 2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.OE.57.7.073103

KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Clouds, Signal to noise ratio, Signal processing, Denoising, Buildings, Signal detection, Sensors, Atmospheric optics, Receivers

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Proceedings Article | 8 May 2018 Presentation + Paper

Measurement of point spread function for characterization of coregistration and resolution: comparison of two commercial hyperspectral cameras

Hans Erling Torkildsen, Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 10644, 106441F (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2305503

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Cameras, Spatial resolution, Tomography, Imaging spectroscopy, Image processing, Spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, Image analysis, Image resolution

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Proceedings Article | 26 April 2018 Presentation + Paper

Thermal infrared reference sources fabricated from low-cost components and materials

Harald Hovland, Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 10625, 1062507 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2306330

KEYWORDS: Black bodies, Thermography, Temperature sensors, Sensors, Infrared imaging, Microcontrollers, Infrared radiation, 3D printing, Convection, Calibration

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Proceedings Article | 28 April 2017 Presentation + Paper

Feasibility of a standard for full specification of spectral imager performance

Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 10213, 102130H (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2262785

KEYWORDS: Image sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Sensors, Imaging systems, Multispectral imaging, Spectral imaging cameras, Cameras, Spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, Remote sensing, Stray light, Signal to noise ratio, Interference (communication), Point spread functions, Quantum efficiency

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Proceedings Article | 17 May 2016 Paper

Compact multispectral multi-camera imaging system for small UAVs

Hans Erling Torkildsen, Trym Haavardsholm, Thomas Opsahl, Urmila Datta, Atle Skaugen, Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 9840, 98401U (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2224495

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Optical filters, Sensors, Multispectral imaging, Image filtering, Imaging systems, 3D image reconstruction, Hyperspectral imaging, 3D image processing

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Proceedings Article | 7 October 2014 Paper

SYSIPHE system: a state of the art airborne hyperspectral imaging system: initial results from the first airborne campaign

Laurent Rousset-Rouviere, Christophe Coudrain, Sophie Fabre, Laurent Poutier, Trond Løke, Andrei Fridman, Søren Blaaberg, Ivar Baarstad, Torbjorn Skauli, Isabelle Mocoeur

Proceedings Volume 9249, 92490V (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2066643

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Quantum efficiency, Signal to noise ratio, Imaging systems, CMOS sensors, Analog electronics, Electro optical systems, Charge-coupled devices, Infrared imaging, Infrared radiation

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Proceedings Article | 13 June 2014 Paper

Characterization of a compact 6-band multifunctional camera based on patterned spectral filters in the focal plane

H. Torkildsen, H. Hovland, T. Opsahl, T. Haavardsholm, S. Nicolas, T. Skauli

Proceedings Volume 9088, 908819 (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2054477

KEYWORDS: Point spread functions, Optical filters, Cameras, Image filtering, Image sensors, Image restoration, Multispectral imaging, Hyperspectral imaging, Sensors, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 4 February 2013 Paper

A collection of hyperspectral images for imaging systems research

Torbjørn Skauli, Joyce Farrell

Proceedings Volume 8660, 86600C (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2007097

KEYWORDS: Hyperspectral imaging, Cameras, Reflectivity, Imaging systems, Short wave infrared radiation, Data modeling, Data conversion, Signal to noise ratio, Systems modeling, Line scan image sensors

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Proceedings Article | 7 September 2011 Paper

Quantifying coregistration errors in spectral imaging

Torbjorn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 8158, 81580A (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.894699

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Error analysis, Image sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Point spread functions, Hyperspectral imaging, Optical design, Spectroscopy, Image quality, Distortion

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Proceedings Article | 22 February 2011 Paper

Low-light hyperspectral imager for characterization of biological samples based on an sCMOS image sensor

J. Hernandez-Palacios, L. L. Randeberg, I. Haug, I. Baarstad, T. Løke, T. Skauli

Proceedings Volume 7891, 78910V (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.875770

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Luminescence, Sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Image sensors, Image quality, CCD cameras, Charge-coupled devices, Skin, Absorption

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Proceedings Article | 13 May 2010 Paper

An airborne real-time hyperspectral target detection system

Torbjorn Skauli, Trym Haavardsholm, Ingebjørg Kåsen, Gunnar Arisholm, Amela Kavara, Thomas Olsvik Opsahl, Atle Skaugen

Proceedings Volume 7695, 76950A (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.850443

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Sensors, Image processing, Target detection, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Georeferencing, Visualization, Hyperspectral target detection, Data processing

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Proceedings Article | 27 April 2009 Paper

Sensor-informed representation of hyperspectral images

Torbjorn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 7334, 733418 (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.819491

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Hyperspectral imaging, Quantum efficiency, Interference (communication), Image compression, Data conversion, Electrons, Physics, Electroluminescence, Data modeling

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Proceedings Article | 11 April 2008 Paper

Band selection for hyperspectral target detection based on a multinormal mixture anomaly detection algorithm

Ingebjørg Kåsen, Anders Rødningsby, Trym Vegard Haavardsholm, Torbjørn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 6966, 696606 (2008) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777758

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Target detection, Hyperspectral imaging, Spectral resolution, Image sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Hyperspectral target detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Physics, Vegetation

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Proceedings Article | 12 September 2007 Paper

Effect of light level and photon noise on hyperspectral target detection performance

Torbjørn Skauli, Rikke Ingebrigtsen, Ingebjørg Kåsen

Proceedings Volume 6661, 66610D (2007) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.733930

KEYWORDS: Sensors, Target detection, Signal to noise ratio, Hyperspectral imaging, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral target detection, Calibration, Cameras, Detection and tracking algorithms, Expectation maximization algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 5 October 2006 Paper

A compact combined hyperspectral and polarimetric imager

Torbjørn Skauli, Pål Erik Goa, Ivar Baarstad, Trond Løke

Proceedings Volume 6395, 639505 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.693484

KEYWORDS: Cameras, Polarimetry, Polarization, Sensors, Imaging systems, Hyperspectral imaging, Remote sensing, Detector arrays, Diffraction gratings, Signal detection

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Proceedings Article | 4 May 2006 Paper

Military applications of hyperspectral imagery

X. Briottet, Y. Boucher, A. Dimmeler, A. Malaplate, A. Cini, M. Diani, H. Bekman, P. Schwering, T. Skauli, I. Kasen, I. Renhorn, L. Klasén, M. Gilmore, D. Oxford

Proceedings Volume 6239, 62390B (2006) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.672030

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Image processing, Sensors, Imaging spectroscopy, Hyperspectral imaging, Image sensors, Reflectivity, Hyperspectral target detection, Optical properties, Defense technologies

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Optical imaging, including infrared imaging, generally has many important applications, both civilian and military. In recent years, technological advances have made multi- and hyperspectral imaging a viable technology in many demanding military application areas. The aim of the CEPA JP 8.10 program has been to evaluate the potential benefit of spectral imaging techniques in tactical military applications. This unclassified executive summary describes the activities in the program and outlines some of the results. More specific results are given in classified reports and presentations. The JP 8.10 program started in March 2002 and ended in February 2005. The participating nations were France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and United-Kingdom, each with a contribution of 2 man-years per year. Essential objectives of the program were to: 1) analyze the available spectral information in the optronic landscape from visible to infrared; 2) analyze the operational utility of multi- and hyperspectral imaging for detection, recognition and identification of targets, including low-signature targets; 3) identify applications where spectral imaging can provide a strong gain in performance; 4) propose technical recommendations of future spectral imaging systems and critical components. Finally, a stated objective of the JP 8.10 program is to "ensure the proper link with the image processing community". The presentation is organized as follows. In a first step, the two trials (Pirrene and Kvarn) are presented including a summary of the acquired optical properties of the different landscape materials and of the spectral images. Then, a phenomenology study is conducted analyzing the spectral behavior of the optical properties, understanding the signal at the sensor and, by processing spectroradiometric measurements evaluating the potential to discriminate spectral signatures. Cameo-Sim simulation software is presented including first validation results and the generation of spectral synthetic images. Results obtained on measured and synthetic images are shown and discussed with reference to two main classes of image processing tasks: anomaly detection and signature based target detection. Furthermore, preliminary works on band selection are also presented which aim to optimize the spectral configuration of an image sensor. Finally, the main conclusions of the WEAG program CEPA JP8.10 are given.

Proceedings Article | 12 October 2005 Paper

The effect of spatial resolution on hyperspectral target detection performance

T. Skauli, I. Kåsen

Proceedings Volume 5987, 59870V (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.631313

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Spatial resolution, Hyperspectral target detection, Hyperspectral imaging, Cameras, Reflectivity, Signal detection, Detection and tracking algorithms, Optical sensors, Infrared technology

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Proceedings Article | 6 December 2004 Paper

Target detection in hyperspectral images based on multicomponent statistical models for representation of background clutter

Ingebjorg Kasen, Pal Erik Goa, Torbjorn Skauli

Proceedings Volume 5612, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.578782

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Hyperspectral target detection, Hyperspectral imaging, Statistical analysis, Scanning electron microscopy, Performance modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, Electro optical modeling, Statistical modeling, Expectation maximization algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 10 November 2004 Paper

Physical subspace models for invariant material identification: subspace composition and detection performance

Pal Erik Goa, Torbjorn Skauli, Ingebjorg Kasen, Trym Vegard Haavardsholm, Anders Rodningsby

Proceedings Volume 5573, (2004) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.565612

KEYWORDS: Target detection, Atmospheric modeling, Performance modeling, Detection and tracking algorithms, RGB color model, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Hyperspectral imaging, Reflectivity, Data modeling

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