The paper offers a new approach associated with the use of luminescent carbon nanoparticles for the studies of super-smooth surfaces (Rq~4–5 nm). Fluorescent nanoparticles can serve as highly-sensitive probes of the object surface inhomogeneities, realizing a contactless version of the atomic-force profilometry. Using structured light for particles’ fluorescence excitation enables to resolve the fine structural units of the surface relief in the nanometer range. The use of nanoparticles as a probe makes it possible to circumvent the spatial-resolution limitations of optical systems dictated by the classical wave-optics concepts (Rayleigh limit).
Carbon nanoparticles of about λ/10 in size and with the following optical properties: strong absorption and luminescence in the yellow-green region of the spectrum and weak absorption at the wavelength of He-Ne laser radiation, were proposed to use for diagnostics the distribution of optical flows in the speckle field obtained from polygraphic material, in particular glossy materials, the value of height inhomogeneity of which is proportional to the wavelength. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing roughness analysis methods of printing materials are analyzed. The scheme of the model experiment for study the movement of carbon particles in the speckle field is presented. Under the influence of gradient optical forces, carbon nanoparticles move in the optical field and are trapped by field singularities. The tracks of the movement of carbon nanoparticles under the action of the components of the resulting optical force until the moment of their capture by field singularities are experimentally demonstrated. It is shown that the concentration of particles and the intensity of luminescence differ significantly in areas with and without singularities.
In this study, a new approach of surface analysis and restoration of the three-dimensional landscape of ultra-smooth surfaces is proposed. The use of carbon nanoparticles with a significant dipole moment and luminescence intensity is proposed for diagnosing the heights of surface inhomogeneities. To reproduce the profile of the studied surface, we use two successive stages of studying the surface. At the first stage, it is assumed that the electric field acts on a glass plate on which carbon nanoparticles are distributed. At the second stage, it is considered that the electric field acts on the plate, without nanoparticles. Significant luminescence of carbon nanoparticles allows visualization of the particles with subsequent reconstruction of the intensity distribution and reproduction of the surface structure according to the distribution of inhomogeneities.
Paper, matte and glossy materials (packaging materials) are one of the most common printing materials, particularly among those used in packaging. Glossy materials are characterized by height inhomogeneity of about 0.6 μm, which is comparable with the wavelength of the He-Ne laser that forms the speckle field. Obtaining amplitude-phase information for research of structurally heterogeneous packaging materials is an urgent task today. This study considers a model for analyzing the behavior of fluorescent carbon particles in a speckle field obtained from a glossy material. The application of the Hilbert transformation makes it possible to recover information about the phase distribution of the investigated optical field. To restore the phase information, the localization of carbon nanoparticles at the minimum intensity points with singularities and without singularities was used, with the addition of lost information to restore the phase map using the Hilbert transformation. Determining the location of carbon nanoparticles by fixing their luminescence significantly improves the overall picture of the phase restoration of the investigated object due to the high accuracy of reproducing the information about the localization of points of minimum intensity with singularities.
This study proposes a new approach for correlation-optical diagnostics of a complex optical field created by light scattering on a rough surface. The possibility of using fluorescent nanoparticles of a size of about 30-120 nm for diagnosing the distribution of optical flows in the speckle field has been analyzed. A model experiment for investigation motion of carbon nanoparticles in a speckle field is demonstrated. Under the influence of gradient optical forces, carbon nanoparticles move in an optical field and are captured by the singularities of the field. The change of particle position in time in a three-dimensional field due to the action of longitudinal and transverse component of optical force is demonstrated.
In this paper a new approach that enables to analyze the structure and reconstruct a rough surface with inhomogeneities is suggested, for which the heights distribution from the trough to the upper point is about 20 nm. For such diagnostics, carbon nanoparticles are used, which are characterized by luminescence in the yellow-green region of the spectrum and such a value of the dipole moment, which makes it possible to control the distribution of nanoparticles over the surface even in the presence of an external electric field. As a probe for diagnosing nanoparticles, it is suggested to use structured light with a significant longitudinal field component, which largely removes the limitations imposed by the transverse resolution of the optical system. The recorded luminescence of carbon nanoparticles with dipole moment oriented parallel to the longitudinal component of the field, enabled not only to reproduce the location of maxima and minima of the surface with an accuracy of 12.9%, but also to reconstruct the landscape of the studied surface itself at a level of 6.76% error.
This study examines a model for analyzing the behavior of carbon nanoparticles in speckle field under the influence of optical forces. As a result of computer modeling, optical parameters of carbon nanoparticles were calculated, which made it possible to assess the optical forces (gradient, absorbing and scattering components) acting from internal energy flows in the optical field on carbon nanoparticles. The influence of size of carbon nanoparticles on the ratio of components of optical force is analyzed. Conditions are defined when the amount of gradient force will be significant, which will set the spatial movement of carbon nanoparticles in the area of the minimum, in particular in singular points.
A new approach of carbon nanoparticle using for the optical diagnostics of а complex scalar optical field obtained by scattering and diffraction of radiation on a surface with roughness is suggested in this paper. Luminescence of carbon nanoparticles made it possible to register their coordinate position in time. The algorithm for the reconstruction of scalar optical field intensity distribution through the analysis of nanoparticle position was proposed in the paper. The phase map of the optical speckle field was analyzed by a Hilbert transform filter to restore the phase of the entire object. A special attention was paid to the restoration of the phase singularities of the speckle field of the scattering studied object.
The work is devoted to the study of the optical properties of carbon nanoparticles synthesized by the method developed during our experimental studies. The optimal conditions for the creation of carbon nanostructures with predetermined properties are defined. Nanoparticles of the size of about 80-1000 nm were obtained in our experimental approach, the maximum of absorption of which is localized at wavelengths in the violet-blue region of the spectrum (420 nm and the maximum of luminescence in the green region (530 nm). The absorption index at the wavelength of 633 nm, which is used for the diagnosis of optical speckle fields, is estimated. The assumption is made about the possibility of using the obtained particles for correlation diagnostics of optical speckle fields.
A new approach of carbon nanoparticle using for the optical diagnostics of а complex scalar optical field obtained by scattering and diffraction of radiation on a surface with roughness is suggested in this paper. Luminescence of carbon nanoparticles made it possible to register their coordinate position in time. The algorithm for the reconstruction of scalar optical field intensity distribution through the analysis of nanoparticle position was proposed in the paper.
The work is devoted to the study of the optical properties of carbon nanoparticles synthesized by the method developed during our experimental studies. The optimal conditions for the creation of carbon nanostructures with predetermined properties are defined. Nanoparticles of the size of about 80-1020 nm created in our experimental approach, the maximum of absorption of which is localized at wavelengths is in the violet-blue region of the spectrum (420 nm) and the maximum of luminescence is in the green region (530 nm) are discussed. The size of carbon nanoparticles, using biological and atomic force microscopes, is measured. The absorption index at the wavelength of 633 nm, which is used for the diagnosis of optical speckle fields, is estimated. The assumption is made about the possibility of using the obtained particles for correlation diagnostics of optical speckle fields.
The use of carbon particles for the correlation and optical diagnostics of speckle fields obtained by diffraction on a surface with a roughness is suggested in this research. The optical properties of carbon nanoparticles, such as luminescence and absorption in the visible spectrum, as well as particle sizes of about hundreds nanometers, are the determining criteria for using these particles as an optical field probe. The obtained optical speckle field was analyzed by a 2D Hilbert transform to restore the phase of the entire object with high accuracy.
The work is devoted to the study of the optical properties of carbon nanoparticles synthesized by the method developed during our experimental studies. The optimal conditions for the creation of carbon nanostructures with predetermined properties are defined. Nanoparticles of the size of about 100 nm were obtained, the maximum of absorption of which is localized at wavelengths in the violet-blue region of the spectrum, while the maximum of luminescence – in the green region of the spectrum. The assumption is made about the possibility of using the obtained particles for correlation diagnostics of optical speckle fields.
New approaches of red blood cell (erythrocyte) controlling by the action of evanescent wave is proposed in the given research work. Theoretical and experimental models for describing the conditions of the erythrocyte transverse motion and the vertical spin realization have been analyzed in the special selected schemes. The use of a linearly polarized plane wave with azimuth of ±45° in a model experiment, specially suggested in this work, allows visualizing the transverse controlled motion of the erythrocyte, which enables to claim about new possibilities for controlling microobjects in biology and medicine.
New approaches of red blood cell (erythrocyte) controlling by the action of evanescent wave is proposed in the given research work. Theoretical and experimental models for describing the conditions of the erythrocyte transverse motion and the vertical spin realization have been analyzed in the special selected schemes. The use of a linearly polarized plane wave with azimuth of ±450 in a model experiment, specially suggested in this work, allows visualizing the transverse controlled motion of the erythrocyte, which enables to claim about new possibilities for controlling microobjects in biology and medicine.
The theoretical and experimental confirmation of the existence of a transverse spin momentum in an evanescent wave excited above the surface of a birefringent biological section is suggested in this research work. The possibility of controlling gold nanoparticles by the vertical spin of an evanescent wave in a surrounding fluid of tissue near the surface layer of the section is demonstrated.
The paper presents main theoretical approaches allowing for calculation a set of optical forces and momentum in a birefringent plate. Total internal reflection at the “plate-air” interface implemented by the birefringent plate spattered with nanoparticles of gold creates the conditions for the allocation of the predominant action of the vertical spin of the evanescent wave, which has recently been predicted. The obtained results will be of vital importance in numerous areas where one operates with minute quantities of matter such as nanophysics, nanophotonics, precise chemistry and pharmacology etc.
The paper deals with the influence of an evanescent wave on the dynamics of motion of erythrocytes into blood plasma. Computer simulation of erythrocytes moving into evanescent field and experimental demonstration of the forecasted motion argue the feasibilities for control of position of cells into blood plasma. The range of velocities of transversal motion of erythrocytes due to action of the optical force of generated evanescent field is determined in a function of the angle of illumination of a cell by the linearly polarized wave with the azimuth of polarization 45°.
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