Structured light illumination (SI) is a most commonly used method to realize super-resolution microscopy. However, resolution enhancement in multiple spatial directions requires multiple SI to reconstruct the image, a typical number of which is nine. This technology requires the CCD camera to record corresponding numbers of images, which takes a quite long time to record a sample. In this paper, we design an optical system to combine compressive sensing (CS) algorithm with SI to realize the fast super-resolution imaging. Coded exposure technique is used to sample the hologram formed by the diffraction of the object illuminated by SI and processed with CS algorithm later. In the process of collecting 9 images with SI, the CCD only exposes 5 times, which saves nearly half of the time and operation steps. After comparison in simulation, the resolution of the SI reconstructed image using 50% sampling CS is 0.12 times higher than that of the method without SI illumination, and is the same as the resolution of the SI reconstructed image using full sampling. The method and the system realize the fast super-resolution imaging.
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