The multi-angle polarization technique, which uses the intensity of polarized radiation as the observed quantity, is a new remote sensing means for earth observation. With this method, not only can the multi-angle light intensity data be provided, but also the multi-angle information of polarized radiation can be obtained. So, the technique may solve the problems, those could not be solved with the traditional remote sensing methods. Nowadays, the multi-angle polarization technique has become one of the hot topics in the field of the international quantitative research on remote sensing. In this paper, we firstly introduce the principles of the multi-angle polarization technique, then the situations of basic research and engineering applications are particularly summarized and analysed in 1) the peeled-off method of sun glitter based on polarization, 2) the ocean color remote sensing based on polarization, 3) oil spill detection using polarization technique, 4) the ocean aerosol monitoring based on polarization. Finally, based on the previous work, we briefly present the problems and prospects of the multi-angle polarization technique used in China’s ocean color remote sensing.
KEYWORDS: LIDAR, Space telescopes, Telescopes, Signal to noise ratio, Atmospheric modeling, Atmospheric optics, Solid state lasers, Laser systems engineering, Pulsed laser operation, Atmospheric sensing
Many studies have indicated that the optimum measurement approach for winds from space is a pulsed coherent wind lidar, which is an active remote sensing tool with the characteristics that high spatial and temporal resolutions, real-time detection, high mobility, facilitated control and so on. Because of the significant eye safety, efficiency, size, and lifetime advantage, 2μm wavelength solid-state laser lidar systems have attracted much attention in spacebased wind lidar plans. In this paper, the theory of coherent detection is presented and a 2μm wavelength solid-state laser lidar system is introduced, then the ideal aperture is calculated from signal-to-noise(SNR) view at orbit 400km. However, considering real application, even if the lidar hardware is perfectly aligned, the directional jitter of laser beam, the attitude change of the lidar in the long round trip time of the light from the atmosphere and other factors can bring misalignment angle. So the influence of misalignment angle is considered and calculated, and the optimum telescope diameter(0.45m) is obtained as the misalignment angle is 4 μrad. By the analysis of the optimum aperture required for spacebased coherent wind lidar system, we try to present the design guidance for the telescope.
The freeform optics is extensively applied in the fields of aerospace, aviation, lighting, medical treatment, et al.. For the linearly push-broom space-borne imager, integration time of different field of view can be affected by the optical system design of the imager, orbits of the satellite, maneuver of the attitudes, rotation of the Earth, light delay due to the refraction and transmission of the atmosphere, terrain error and so on. The dynamically imaging quality should be affected by the accuracy and adjusting mode of the integration time. In this paper, a new method which is especially appropriate to imaging model simulating and integration time calculating for the wide-field-of-view remote sensor is proposed. Then, the integration time of specified viewing direction for the imager with a single projection center and a super-wide field of view based on freeform mirror, which is mounted on a sun-synchronous orbit satellite, is calculated. And influence on imaging quality of adjusting integration time of different grouping modes for the focal plane assembly is analyzed. The results indicate that with the constraint condition of satellite roll angle and the modulation transfer function (MTF) influence factor no more than 20°and 2% respectively, integration time of all CCDs for the whole focal plane assembly divided into two groups with each adopting the uniform integration time, can fulfill the requirements of the imaging quality for the imager.
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