To investigate the effects of laser intensity and electron initial energy on the motion and radiation properties of high-energy electrons, a model of high-energy electrons interacting with laser pulses was established on the basic equations of electromagnetism. Numerical simulation programs written in MATLAB can help to obtain visualization data of electron trajectories and electromagnetic radiation. The results show that the peak amplitude of the electron impact oscillation increases as the laser intensity increases and show a linear increasing trend; the peak amplitude of the electron oscillation decreases as the initial energy of the electrons increases, and the decrease tends to slow down. When the initial energy of the electron is larger, the polar angle in the direction of maximum radiation is 180°, and the incident laser intensity has very little impact on the change of the radiation angle. Observing the radiation peak, the radiation peak is positively correlated with the incident laser intensity and the initial energy of electrons. The electron energy or laser intensity increasing, and the spectral energy distribution expanding from low to high frequencies. The results provide a theoretical basis for further in-depth study of the effects of laser intensity and electron initial energy on the motion and radiation properties of high-energy electrons.
To investigate the effects of laser pulses with different polarization parameters on the motion and power radiation distribution of high-energy electrons at different initial positions in the laser field, an electron laser collision model is established on the basis of the basic equations of electromagnetism, and the spatial distribution characteristics of the electron oscillating radiation at different initial positions under different polarization parameters are simulated with the help of MATLAB software analysis. It is shown that with the increase of polarization parameter from 0 to 1, the spatial radiation distribution generated by collision with electrons at different positions shows a bimodal transition to the surrounding area; when the initial position is certain, the radiation distribution gradually decreases and flattens with the increase of the polarization parameter; and when the polarization parameter is certain, the radiation distribution shows small changes with the change of the initial position. At the same time, it is found that the maximum value of stereo angle radiation per electron unit space occurs at the polarization parameter of 0.7 with the electrons initially located on the z positive semi-axis at a position 30μm from the origin.
In this paper, the motion trajectories, radiation spatial distribution, time spectrum and spectrum distribution of electrons during the interaction between circularly polarized pulses with different chirps are studied. The motion state and radiation distribution during electron and pulse interaction were calculated and obtained by 4-5Runge-Kutta- Fehlberg method (RKF45). The visualization of motion trajectory and radiation distribution is realized by data fitting and MATLAB simulation. The effects of chirp parameters on the radial contraction of electron trajectory, the increase of peak radiation power, the adjustment of peak radiation generation time, and the vortex coupling of radiation spatial distribution are studied. In general, this paper provides an important reference for further understanding and application of chirped pulses in optics and physics by deeply studying the characteristics of electrons under different conditions of Gaussian circularly polarized laser chirped pulses.
To improve the characteristics of nonlinear Thomson scattering radiation, a numerical study is conducted on the motion characteristics and radiation properties of stationary electrons driven by circularly polarized negatively chirped laser pulses with different pulse widths. The results indicate that as the pulse width increases, electron radiation collimation decreases, while the azimuth angle is insensitive to pulse width changes. In the time spectrum, the peak radiation power reaches the order of 108 to 109, showing new characteristics with pulse width variation. The peak radiation power exhibits an extremum rather than increasing with decreasing pulse width, providing a practical method for modulating ultra-short pulse radiation sources. In terms of the observation direction of peak radiation power, the radiation spectrum broadens with increasing pulse width, and radiation monochromaticity decreases, indicating that there is an optimal pulse width for negatively chirped laser pulses that allows strong peak radiation power with minimal monochromaticity attenuation.
In our study, we delve into the effect of laser beam waist radius variations on the interaction of an ultra-tightly focused laser with off-axis electrons. We find that off-axis collisions are the most common case in our experiments, which highlights the relevance of our study. Under ultra-tight focusing conditions (b0=Λ0), the electrons are subjected to a qualitative force that is asymmetric in the x+ axis directions and x -axis directions, leading to trajectory deviations and accelerated oscillations. At the same time, the electron radiated power and spectrum exhibit a clear asymmetry, which gradually diminishes as the beam waist radius increases, with increasing peak radiated power and decreasing full width half maximum. These findings are crucial for the generation of ultrashort pulses, especially in the field of ultrashort optics, and are important for applications utilizing nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering radiation.
Based on the single-electron model, the spatial, temporal and spectral emission characteristics of the radiation generated by the electron oscillation driven by a circularly polarized pulse of laser with a FWHM (Full Width at Half Maximum) of 20 femtoseconds and a light intensity at 1020W/cm2 are investigated by theoretical analysis and numerical studies. Electron moves in highly relativistic motion which make it generates an ultrashort radiation about 2.5 attosecond. The numerical results show that the spatial, temporal and spectral distributions in detail of the radiation are sensitively dependent on radiation directions which is neglected by Lee et al. We study a kind of spectral modulation process which has practical significance.
This work studies the nonlinear Thomson scattering and its radiation properties when electrons interact with linear polarization lasers using a single electron model. By theoretical derivation and program simulation, electron motion trajectories at different initial phases are mirror symmetrical at 180◦ intervals. The influence of the initial phase of linear polarization laser pulse on the spectrum of high energy electron radiation is analyzed. Simulation results reveal that the radiation spectrum of high energy electrons at different phases has periodic symmetry, and the frequency of the peak of the spectrum decreases with the increase of the initial phase in one period. The peak value and the oscillation amplitude of the two-dimensional spectrum decrease with the increase of the initial phase and the energy distribution of the spectrum moves to the high frequency region with the increase of the initial phase. In addition, the electron radiation characteristics undergo a mutation when the initial phase changes in the range from 135◦ to 150◦. Based on the above simulation results, it provides theoretical guidance for further numerical simulation and study of high-energy electron radiation under linear polarization laser.
In an effort to discuss the evolution process of high-energy electron radiation in circular-polarized intense laser pulse with time in detail, a model describing the interaction between a high-energy single electron and intense laser pulse is built on the basis of Lagrange equation and electron energy equation. It is clearly illustrated how electron radiation evolves over time in space, time and frequency domain. By modulating the interaction time between laser and electron and referring to the spatial distribution image of energy, the maximum value and direction of radiation energy per unit solid angle are obtained. Moreover, the impact of the action duration on the radiation power and frequency distribution in this radiation direction is also fully discussed. The findings indicate that the maximum radiation energy per unit solid angle is expected to occur when laser and electron interaction period reaches around 450 fs, and that the time spectrum and frequency spectrum won’t vary considerably after that. As a result, by modifying the duration of the electron-laser interaction, it is possible to more precisely produce the electron radiation with the desired characteristics for the experiment. This has a specific reference value for choosing parameters in practical application settings, which can significantly save costs and improve efficiency.
Using computer numerical simulation technology, we discuss in detail the influence of linearly polarized tightly focused laser intensity on the maximum radiation power and optimal position of electrons, and further study the dynamics and spatial radiation characteristics of electrons at the optimal position corresponding to different laser intensities.Our results demonstrate that the optimal position and maximum radiation power of the electron exhibit linear and exponential dependencies, respectively, on the laser amplitude.The initially stationary electron at the optimal position undergoes oscillatory motion,and then moves in a straight line after interacting with the laser, with an asymmetric trajectory. As the laser intensity increases, The azimuth angle of the maximum power radiation power remains 0°, while the polar angle decreases from 41° to 25°, indicating that it approaches the z-axis. The time when the maximum radiation power occurs is approximately 50.7 fs. Addictionally, We further discuss the evolution characteristics of the time spectra in the direction of maximum power radiation.
Based on the classical Thomson scattering theory, we theoretically study the electron trajectory and spectrum generated during the frontal collision of electrons with a tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulse. The results show that there is a linear relationship between the initial z-axis coordinate z0 of the electron and the collision center. The increase in the initial energy and the initial z-axis coordinate of the electron will cause the concentration of the longitudinal motion of the electron and the redshift of the spectrum. The difference between the two is that the higher the initial energy of the electron, the smaller the transverse motion of the electron, and the higher the maximum single harmonic energy of the spectrum, while the increase in the initial z-axis coordinate of the electron will cause the interference fringes of the spectrum to increase first and then decrease, and the maximum single harmonic energy will decrease overall, with a jump point at z0 = 15λ0.
Based on the classical Thomson scattering theory, a model of the interaction between a single electron and a periodic order linearly polarized Gaussian laser pulse is constructed and simulated by MATLAB. The effect of the initial phase on the distribution of space energy radiation is studied. The results show that the distribution characteristics of electron motion and energy radiation show spatial asymmetry with respect to the initial phase under the condition of non-tightly focused pulse. Specifically, the transverse motion and energy radiation distribution of electron are affected by the initial phase, resulting in a longitudinal drift. The spatial distribution of energy radiation shows obvious spatial asymmetry with respect to the initial phase, and its energy asymmetry coefficients are periodic symmetric with respect to the initial phase, and the reciprocal transformation relationship with π interval is presented. Then, we explored the influence of the laser pulse width and the initial phase on the asymmetry coefficient of the radiation energy and found that the distribution of the asymmetry coefficient on the initial phase of the radiation changes continuously clockwise with the increase of the laser pulse width.
In this paper, the Thomson scattering interacting with periodic magnitude laser pulse is studied numerically and theoretically based on classical radiant theory. By using MATLAB simulation, we find that radiant energy spectrum of electron proves that relativistic electron colliding with the periodic magnitude pulse of laser can obtain the narrow second ray pulse. The implications of original carrier envelope phase of incident periodic scale pulse of laser on spatial radiant characteristics, temporal spectral characteristics and spectral characteristics of Thomson scattering radiant of electrons under periodic scale pulse of laser are investigated. Results prove that radiant accumulates in an area of the cone centered in backward radiant direction and that each radiant power is optimal in backward direction. It is also found that single-period pulse of laser scattering with a fixed original carrier envelope phase shift can produce a single oblique second pulse. As incident pulse of laser is close to a single period pulse, the emission spectra of electrons indicate a radiant pulse duration of oblique seconds of x-rays. In addition, implication of original carrier envelope phase on radiant spectrum is equally significant for the high and low frequencies of spectrum, has no implication on central part of spectrum. From the above conclusions, we can conclude that implication of original carrier envelope phase on energy spectrum makes radiant very relevant for characterizing pulse of laser of periodic magnitude or for determining degree of synchronization between electrons and pulse of laser.
Using the single electron model, the effects of pulse width on the relativistic motion and radiation characteristics of electronic oscillation generated by linearly polarized intense femtosecond laser pulses are studied theoretically and numerically. For short period laser pulses, the electron trajectory exhibits an asymmetric serrated pattern, while for multi period laser pulses, it is not similar to a doubly symmetric serrated pattern. It is found that for a short pulse width, the full space distribution mode of electron emission is banana shaped, while for a long pulse width laser pulse, the Radiant flux per unit Solid angle is rabbit ear shaped, pointing to the propagation direction of the laser pulse, with narrow divergence.
Based on the classical Thomson scattering theory, a model for the interaction of a single electron with a linearly polarized laser pulse is constructed and numerically simulated to investigate the relativistic motion as well as the full-space characteristics of the electron radiation, which is driven by a linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse theoretically and numerically. In the process of the study, it is found that the radiation’s full spatial distribution indicates different characteristics at different intensities. At low laser intensities, the radiation spatial spectrum is the same as that of a dipole antenna. As the laser intensity increases, the spatial spectrum changes from fourfold rotational symmetry to twofold rotational symmetry, and the radiation direction becomes more and more inclined to the Z-axis, i.e., the collimation becomes better. These phenomena are mainly influenced by the electron dynamics and the nature of the linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulses. In addition, as the laser pulse intensity increases, the maximum radiation angle decreases and the maximum radiation power increases. The above-mentioned laws allow us to measure the intensity of the experimentally linearly polarized laser pulses in reverse, based on the observed radiation properties.
In order to study the influence of the laser intensity of linearly polarized laser on the radiation characteristics of single electron, a collision model between single electron and laser was constructed by formula derivation. MATLAB was used to write simulation program for numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, and the trajectory of electron was obtained. Then the radiation characteristics of single electron in three and two dimensions of linearly polarized laser with different laser intensities are studied. The results show that with the increase of laser intensity from 1 to 9, the maximum radial deviation of electron trajectory is further enhanced with the increase of laser intensity, and the axis position of the peak does not change. At the same time, the transverse amplitude and interference fringe number of the electron increase with the increase of laser intensity, and the spectral line broadening effect will appear more obvious, and the amplitude is not completely positively correlated with the emission power, and the peak value is reached at 6 and then decreases. However, the higher the laser intensity, the less monochromatic the spectrum is. The results provide more theoretical and numerical basis for the study of single-electron radiation characteristics, and provide reference for the further exploration of the parameters of ultra-strong laser.
Based on the classical Thomson scattering theory, a model of the interaction between a single electron and a circularly polarized Gaussian laser pulse is constructed and simulated by MATLAB. We simulated the trajectory of electron motion - longitudinal velocity of electron motion - radiation space state - radiation spectrum map. The results of the study show that the trajectory of electron motion, the position of the collision center and the distribution characteristics of energy radiation are influenced by the change of pulse width. Specifically, an increase in pulse width leads to a leftward shift in the position of the collision center and a gradual decrease in the maximum amplitude of electron motion. In contrast, the maximum radiation energy increases with the pulse width, in which the red-shift phenomenon gradually weakens with the pulse width, and the originally shifted peak of the strongest radiation energy gradually returns to the θ=180° direction, which means that the collimation of radiation is strengthened. We also studied the radiation state and found that the spatial state of the radiation gradually changes from open black hole-like to needle-like as the pulse width increases, a phenomenon that also indicates that the collimation of the radiation becomes better.
The nonlinear Thomson backscattering process of electron under circularly polarized laser pulses is studied. The influence of the central collision position of the electron and laser pulses on the spectral characteristics of the scattered light is analyzed. The results show that the frequency broadening caused by doppler nonlinear frequency shift can be reduced and the monochromicity of the emitted light can be improved by adjusting the central collision position or the initial position of electron appropriately. At the same time, taking the requirements for the radiation intensity of scattered light into account, the optimal situation to generate quasi-monochromatic x-rays is presented. Besides, a scheme to increase the radiation energy of backscattered light by controlling the laser pulse width is proposed without changing the frequency band width. It provides a solution to overcome the problem that the radiation energy is too weak in the scheme of changing the initial position of electron. In addition, it was found that the interference fringes of the emitted light growing greatly as the pulse width increases.
According to Lorentz equation and electron motion equation, a collision model between a high-energy electron and an intense laser pulse is constructed, and the three-dimensional trajectory of electron motion and the pulse width, peak radiation power and frequency spectrum of radiation pulses under different observation angles and different laser pulse intensities are simulated by MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the motion of high-energy electron in the collision process is spiral for the intense laser pulse with initial phase φ 0 = 0 . When the observation angle Φ is 0° and 180°, the collision produces single zeptosecond pulse and double zeptosecond pulse, respectively. At Φ = 0, the peak radiation power of the radiation pulse is the largest, the pulse width is the smallest, and the spectrum presents two rising and falling shapes. At Φ= 180°, except that the spectrum shows the shape of first rising and then falling, other characteristics are opposite to those at Φ= 0°. The above characteristics of the laser pulse with ai = 80 are better than those of the laser pulse with ai = 50.
The influence of pulse width on relativistic motion and full spatial characteristics of radiation generated from electron oscillations driven by circularly polarized intense femtosecond laser pulses have been investigated theoretically and numerically using a single electron model. The electron trajectories show asymmetric spiral patterns for few-cycle laser pulse which do not resemble with twofold symmetric spiral patterns in the multi-cycle laser pulse. It is discovered that the patterns of the full spatial distribution of electron emission are of the shape resembling a flower of calla for few-cycle laser pulse and the radiated power per unit solid angle show a horn like shape directed toward the direction of the laser pulses propagation with a narrower divergence for multi-cycle laser pulse.
Within the framework of nonlinear Thomson scattering, the spectral properties of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a tightly focused circularly polarized laser pulse acting on relatively moving electrons at different intensities are studied in detail, starting from a single-electron collision model. Through theoretical analysis and computer simulations, we investigate that the spectrum on θ = 180°has good quasi-monochromaticity for a0>1. While in the 0 case of a0>1, multiple discrete bandwidths appear in the θ = 170° as well as θ = 190° directions, and the quasi- 0 monochromaticity of the radiation spectrum is always better than that of θ = 180° with asymmetry. In addition, it is found that the laser intensity is positively correlated with the bandwidth of the radiation spectrum on θ = 180° and negatively correlated with the peak of the spectrum at the same angle. And as the laser intensity increases, the radiation energy expands in the direction of decreasing angle θ , and the radiation spectrum gradually broadens to high frequency at the maximum peak power angle θm .
Nonlinear Thomson scattering in intense (𝑎0 = 6) single-cycle (𝐿0 = 1𝜇𝑚) Gaussian laser pulse is investigated theoretically and numerically that demonstrates varied spatial characteristics in the tightly focused (𝑏0 = 3𝜇𝑚) regime. In the above ultrashort laser pulse, the electron has the potential to radiate single attosecond pulse with almost infinite SNR which is highly robust to varied initial phases. Furthermore, a novel symmetry degradation phenomenon in the tightly focused domain is firstly discovered, where the fourfold symmetric spatial radiation pattern in non-tightly focused pulses respectively degrades to plane/linear symmetry radiation pattern in the spherical projected/polarized plane. While spatial radiation is highly sensitive to initial phases, we remarkably find that the difference of peak radiation’s polar angles 𝜙m exactly equals to that of incident laser’s initial phases 𝜙0, indicating the initial phase has phase/angle shift effect on the electron’s spatial motion and radiation. With numerical analysis, the sampling results demonstrate that peak radiation’s polar angle 𝜃m and the difference 𝜙m = 𝜙0 are constant regardless of initial phases.
With Maxwell equation and Newton equation as a starting point, according to the present situation cannot be directly measuring the parameters of the ultrahigh laser, the theoretical derivation and numerical simulation method is deduced low-energy single electron acceleration model, and through MATLAB iteration, studied and analyzed the different polarization parameters of the laser pulse order electronic movement rule and the characteristics of space radiation. The results show that as the polarization parameterincreases from 0 to 1, the spatial distribution of electron energy radiation changes from linear plane to spiral shape, and the overall trend can be divided into four stages. The trajectory of the electron also changes from the plane oscillation to the spiral, and the radius of the spin gradually increases, and the decreasing speed of the radius after the peak also slows down. Based on the above research, the theoretical and numerical simulation basis is provided for the experimental study of high-energy electron radiation in full time, full space and the anti-detection of various parameters of laser.
In this paper, through numerical simulation, the effect of initial phase on nonlinear Thomson scattering in a Gaussian laser pulse under tight focusing is studied. It is found for the first time that the initial phase is out of synchronization with the maximum radiation angle. When the initial phase changes from 360° to 180°, the maximum radiation distribution appears multi peak phenomenon, and the degree of the initial phase angle is different from that when the initial phase changes from 0 to 180 degrees., it shows an antisymmetric variation law. Furthermore, we discuss the process and reason of this phenomenon, which provides a accurate observation time and theoretical basis for high energy electron radiation experiment.
The scattering model of a single high-energy electron interacting with a Gaussian laser pulse is constructed according to the Lagrange’s equation, and the trajectory of the electron and the radiation characteristics of the scattered light are simulated by MATLAB, also, the influence of the initial position of the electron on the space energy radiation is discussed in detail. The results show that the initially static high-energy electron first oscillates in the +z direction in a plane, and then travels along a straight line after interacting with the linearly polarized tightly focused intense laser. As the initial position of the electron moves to the positive direction of z axis, the azimuth angle of the maximum energy radiation direction remains unchanged at 180°, while the polar angle gradually decreases and finally stabilizes at 20.5°. The maximum radiation energy in the whole space is obtained when the electron is initially set at (0,0,−7λ0 ) with the polar angle and the azimuth angle being 23.5° and 180° respectively, and the corresponding time evolution and spectrum of the process are discussed qualitatively.
In this paper, based on the Lorentz equation and Maxwell's equations the single electron acceleration model was established, we use MATLAB to study the electron dynamics and radiation emission in the field of a relativistic intense laser pulse. In the spatial distribution of the electron appear "ramifications", and the intensity of electron radiation angle of peak time spectrum showed that, when the beam waist radius from 7λ0 to 4λ0, the main peak change from multiple into a single gradually, from 4λ0 the main peak symmetric bimodal pattern is obvious damage, and the intensity of the main peak is mainly on the left side. The radiation peak is positively correlated with the beam waist radius while the pulse width is just the opposite. Combining with the electronic motion images, we find that the change of the growth trend also occurs at 4λ0 and 7λ0. It marks that, it's possibly that there is an intermediate state between the tight-focused and the non-tight-focused.
This paper demonstrates the influence of pulse width on the full space characteristics of electron motion and radiation distribution from a single electron driven by a linearly polarized femtosecond tightly focused gaussian laser pulse (FTFGLP). The laser-accelerated electron model is created by the interaction between a tightly focused linearly polarized femtosecond gaussian laser pulse and an electron. Driven by the electromagnetic field produced by laser pulse, the electron produces relativistic oscillation and the corresponding full spatial radiation. Through numerical calculation, it is concluded that the space characteristics of relative electron changes firstly and then tends to be stable. In detail, with the increase of plus width, the amplitude of electronic motion tends to a constant value, and there is an optimal value of the change of drift distance that tends to be stable. Moreover, due to the increase of plus width, the phase variation of electron motion in the characteristics of electron space radiation distribution intensifies, and the number of branch gradually increases, but the Angle of the maximum branch is basically unchanged. The characteristics is of great use in some real experiments of linearly polarized laser plus.
Using the theory of single free electron in the form of Thomson scattering, through theoretical calculations and computer simulations, the properties of radiation pulses generated by ultrashort laser pulses are studied. Calculations show that in this case, the pulse width of the electron’s maximum radiation pulse reaches on the order of attosecond. We focus on nonlinear Thomson scattering. Under the condition of circularly polarized tightly focused laser pulses (b0 = 3λ0), we change the intensity of the incident laser. Generally, under the condition of relativistic laser intensity, keep the beam waist radius not changing, the larger the incident laser’s peak amplitude (a0), the larger the maximum of electron radiation power. After that, we focused on the temporal characters at the angle when the electron radiated power was at its maximum. At some special incident laser’s peak amplitude (a0), the change of pulse width in electron radiation power has some rules. We divide the change of pulse width into three categories according to the number of maximal values in the angular distribution of the radiation energy, and discuss the regularity of them separately.
Within the frame of electrodynamic and nonlinearly Thomson scattering, we study the initial phase-sensitivity with respect to spatial characteristics of a static electron irradiated by Guassian linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulse for different beam waists. With the combination and comparison of the electron's real-time motion and radiation conditions, the initial phase-sensitivity turns out with inverse proportional relation to the beam waist where the radiation’s transverse shift of varied initial phases is irregular in the non-tightly focused case. Furthermore, by changing the initial phases, the petal-like full spatial radiation pattern changes from 4 unstable pieces to 2 constant pieces and the radiated energy shift slows down with the beam waist evolving from b0 = 1 to b0 = 10. Finally, with initial phase 𝜙0 increasing from 0 to π we discover an interesting phenomenon for the first time, where the normalized maximal radiated power and corresponding azimuth angle fluctuate in the form of ripples and ladders in tightly-focused case b0 = 1, in contrast to the perfectly symmetry with respect to φ0 = 0.5π for the maximal radiated power in non-tightly focused case b0 = 10.
The spatial, temporal and spectral emission characteristics of radiation generated from electron oscillations driven by an intense circularly polarized laser pulse have been investigated theoretically and numerically using a single electron model. The motion of an electron is highly relativistic and head-on (180° ) collision of a single counter streaming electron and an intense circularly polarized laser pulse can produce a single ultrashort zeptosecond pulse along θ = 90° by merely using a few-cycle laser pulse with fixed carrier-envelope phase offset Φ0 = 0 without controlling phase φin [5] which is defined as the phase of the laser pulse when the electron enters it. An interesting modulated structure of the spatial characteristic is observed and analyzed.
We study the interaction of a stationary election and a tightly focused ultra-short ultra-intense laser pulse in vacuum. Ponderomotive force accelerates an electron at the focus of diverse intensity tightly focused short-pulse laser is considered. When the laser pulse intensity is small, the election is in the spiral motion of the laser pulse center. In order to accurately control accelerated electron, we research the relationship between deviation angle of electron and laser intensity when the separation of the electron and the laser pulse. It is found that the tendency of deviation is up, then down and then up again with the increasing of laser intensity. They are not a linear relationship. If we want to get collimated high energy electron, the laser intensity must be in a specific segment interval.
Full spatial emission characteristics of radiation generated from electron oscillations driven by a linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulse have been investigated theoretically and numerically using a single electron model. It is discovered that the influence of the initial phase on the process of full spatial characteristics of the radiation is apparent for few-cycle laser pulse. These phenomena are primarily governed by the electron dynamics and properties of the linearly polarized few-cycle laser pulse.
Spatial characteristics of radiation generated from electron oscillations driven by circularly polarized femtosecond laser
pulses have been investigated theoretically and numerically using a single electron model. It is discovered that the
radiated power is approximately the same in all the directions for the driver laser pulses with low power intensities and
the radiation is directed toward the direction of the laser pulses propagation with a narrower divergence and is tipped
forward more and more with the increase of laser intensity. The full spatial emission characteristics can be exploited to
measure the intensity of circularly polarized laser pulses in the experiment.
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