In this paper, more than 1000 SAR (ENVISAT, ERS-2) and optical (MODIS, HJ-1A/1B) images are used to analyze the
distribution, sources and propagation of internal waves in South China Sea. The distribution of internal waves shows
that, internal waves mainly occur in three regions of South China Sea: 1) Northern South China Sea, 2) Western South
China Sea, 3) Southern South China Sea. Internal waves are observed all year in the South China Sea, most during
summer, least in winter. The sources and propagation of internal waves are obtained from the distribution of internal
waves. 1) in Northern South China Sea, most internal waves origin in Luzon Strait and propagate westward across
Dongsha Island, then some internal waves turn into northwestward, others continue to propagate westward.2) in Western
South China Sea, internal waves generate at the shelf, and propagate to the shore or off the shore.3) in Southern South
China Sea, internal waves generate at the shelf. Some internal waves propagate to the Kalimantan shore, some propagate
southwestward.
In this paper the significant wave height (SWH) and the wind field products of ECMWF re-analysis data are used to
derive the location of typhoon center, to analyze the temporal and spatial features of the SWH induced by typhoons, and
to study the relationships between the SWH and wind speed. The results are compared with merged SWH data from
several satellite altimeters (GFO, TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1 and Envisat) and wind vectors from QuikSCAT. Typhoon
eyes are observed by using SAR and MODIS data. It is shown that (1) the spatial distribution of wind fields from
ECMWF re-analysis data is almost in accordance with that of wind fields from QuikSCAT; (2) the spatial distribution of
SWH from ECMWF re-analysis data is almost in accordance with that of SWH from merged SWH data; (3) the
distribution of higher wind speed and higher wave height are consistent with the SWH and the wind field product of
ECMWF re-analysis data; (4) the centers of typhoon waves lag behind the centers of typhoons; (5) the top of typhoon
move faster that the bottom in the case of Saomai.
This paper focuses on the coefficients in the retrieval model of wet troposphere path delay. The kind of microwave
radiometers with three frequency channels, such as TOPEX/Poseidon microwave radiometer (TMR) and Jason-1
microwave radiometer (JMR), is discussed. A process of extracting these retrieval coefficients from the data of bright
temperature and relevant physical quantities is presented. The data of JMR are used to extract the retrieval coefficients
and validate this extracting process. A good agreement is shown between the data retrieved with the retrieval coefficients
and the data of JMR.
KEYWORDS: Synthetic aperture radar, Satellites, Calibration, In situ metrology, Satellite communications, Data centers, Data modeling, Space operations, Data analysis, Oceanography
The GlobWave project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) is to improve the uptake of satellite-derived
wind-wave and swell data by the scientific, operational and commercial user community. The newly released GlobWave
data contain synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and altimeter wave data with collocated in situ measurements. While the
derived altimeter wave data consist of total significant wave height (SWH) of ocean waves (both wind-waves and swells),
the derived SAR wave data only consist of swell SWH. In this paper, data from 2006 to 2009 are used in the validation
of GlobWave SAR data. The results show that (1) the difference between sar_swh and buoy_swh has a very small mean
deviation (MD) and relative deviation (RD) which means the SAR retrieved total SWH data is very closed to the
non-partitioned buoy data; (2) sar_swh_cal_2 and sar_swh_cal_1 have very large RD, which means the results are very
sensitive to the choice of spectral partition; (3) the calibration of sar_swh from total SWH to swell SWH has many
manipulations and is not recommended, on the contrary, the calibration of sar_swh to reduce STD between is strongly
recommended. As a conclusion, it is possible to add total SWH of ocean waves to the Globwave SAR dataset.
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